Chest：上海肺癌死亡率更高

2008年，肺癌取代肝癌成为中国恶性肿瘤患者的第一死因。登记的肺癌死亡率在过去3年里不断增加，这给患者、卫生保健行业和社会带来巨大负担。复旦大学附属中山医院Jun She等对中国1990-2011年发表的肺癌资料做系统综述，分析肺癌发生率、死亡率、经济负担、癌症风险因素以及干预的有效性。该论文发表在2013年第4期《胸科杂志》[Chest. 2013; 143(4):1117-1126]。
　　研究结果显示，肺癌发病率在中国各地区有所不同。中国东部人群尤其是女性，很可能比西部人群有一个较高的肺癌发病风险。2008年肺癌粗死亡率在男性为47.51/105，女性为22.69/105。粗死亡率在上海最高（男性25.14/105，女性35.82/105），在西藏（男性25.14/105）和宁夏（女性12.09/105）最低。吸烟和环境污染是中国肺癌主要风险因素。我们应不断努力集中于教育普通公众有关增加肺癌的预防和早期检测（的知识）。还需要实施特殊干预措施以降低吸烟率和环境风险因素。中国应采用标准化治疗方案。
与支气管相关的拓展阅读：

• Chest：肺活检增加支气管针吸活检术并发症
• JAMA：对于非囊性纤维化支气管扩张患者 长期使用大环内酯类有利有弊
• CHEST：吸入甘露醇或可减少非囊性纤维化支气管扩张患者抗生素使用量
• Lancet：阿奇霉素防止非囊性纤维化支气管扩张症病情恶化
• 消旋肾上腺素治疗细支气管炎对早产儿效更佳
• INT J CANCER：支气管抽吸物中的生存素和livin mRNA或助肺癌早期诊断
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Lung Cancer in ChinaLung Cancer in China:
Challenges and Interventions
Abstract
In 2008, lung cancer replaced liver cancer as the number one cause of death among people with malignant tumors in China. The registered lung cancer mortality rate increased by 464.84% in the past 3 decades, which imposes an enormous burden on patients, health-care professionals, and society. We performed a systematic review of the published data on lung cancer in China between 1990 and 2011 to analyze the incidence and mortality rates, economic burden, and risk factors of cancer and the effectiveness of interventions. Lung cancer incidence varies within China. People in eastern China, especially women, likely have a higher risk of developing lung cancer than those in western China. The crude mortality rates from lung cancer in 2008 were 47.51 per 100,000 men and 22.69 per 100,000 women. The crude mortality rate was highest in Shanghai (76.49 per 100,000 men and 35.82 per 100,000 women) and lowest in Tibet (25.14 per 100,000 men) and Ningxia (12.09 per 100,000 women). Smoking and environmental pollution are major risk factors for lung cancer in China. Continuous efforts should be concentrated on education of the general public regarding lung cancer to increase prevention and early detection. Specific interventions need to be implemented to reduce smoking rates and environmental risk factors. Standardized treatment protocols should be adapted in China.