Infection: 入院前病毒载量和症状持续时间对COVID-19住院患者死亡率的影响

2022-05-29 xuyihan MedSci原创

新冠肺炎一般指新型冠状病毒肺炎。 新型冠状病毒肺炎(Corona Virus Disease 2019,COVID-19),简称“新冠肺炎”,世界卫生组织命名为“2019冠状病毒病".

根据最近的数据,全球已发现超过2亿例严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2) 病例,相关死亡人数超过400万。最近对中国 44.415 例确诊病例的分析显示,81%属于无症状或病情轻微,14%为重症,5%为危重症,总死亡率为2.3%。在需要住院治疗的患者中,重症监护病房 (ICU) 入院率和死亡率均在 20% 左右。入住 ICU 和死亡的危险因素与宿主因素(年龄、合并症)、临床表现(呼吸困难、呼吸频率、需要氧疗)和实验室参数(肌酐、C 反应蛋白、淋巴细胞计数、铁蛋白、 LDH 血清浓度或D-二聚体参数)有关。

但是入院前病毒载量对冠状病毒病 19 (COVID-19) 进展和结果的潜在影响关注较少。rRT-PCR 循环阈值 (Ct) 值表示荧光信号超过阳性阈值水平的扩增循环数。Ct 是一个半定量值,与样本中遗传物质的初始量成反比,因此可用作病毒载量的间接估计值。几项研究表明,较低的 Ct 值(意味着较高的病毒载量)与 COVID-19 严重程度和疾病进展之间存在显着相关性。但是,很少有文章分析入院时 Ct 值与死亡率之间的相关性。本研究的目的是评估通过入院时获得的 Ct 值和症状出现天数测量的病毒载量对住院 COVID-19 患者死亡率的影响。

研究人员为了完成本项研究,在入院后24小时内研究人员对782名鼻咽拭子rRT-PCR阳性患者进行了回顾性观察研究。通过收集人口统计学数据、临床表现和实验室参数进行相关性分析。进行单变量和多变量分析以确定与 60 天死亡率相关的因素。

 

研究人员根据Ct值大小将Ct分为三组,Ct 值≤20、21-25 和> 25,这三组患者的死亡率分别为 27.3、20.7%和 9.8%(P  = 0.0001)。多变量分析确定为Ct值为死亡率的预测因素,Ct 值<20(OR 3.13,CI 95% 1.38-7.10),在 21-25 之间(OR 2.47,CI 95% 1.32-4.64)。出现症状的天数(DSOA) 也是与死亡率相关的变量 ≤ 6 (OR 1.86, CI 95% 1.00–3.46),以及其他因素。需要在 6 个 DSOA 内入院且 Ct 值≤25 的患者死亡率最高(28%)。

 

本项研究发现将Ct值和 DSOA 与新冠肺炎患者的死亡率息息相关,因此将其纳入研究人群的特征可能是评估抗病毒药物疗效的有用工具。

原始出处:

Verónica Rico-Caballero.et al. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 viral load and duration of symptoms before hospital admission on the mortality of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Infection.2022.

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    2022-05-30 zhwj
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