Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis:系统性红斑狼疮的流行病学和侵袭性真菌感染风险:

2022-01-20 医路坦克 MedSci原创

这项全国性的基于人群的队列研究揭示了红斑狼疮患者感染IFI的高风险和死亡率,包括青少年红斑狼疮患者的高风险。60天内静脉注射类固醇治疗是IFIS最关键的预测因素。

侵袭性真菌感染(IFIs)是一种严重的并发症,在免疫功能低下的宿主中具有很高的死亡率,如血液系统恶性肿瘤、实体器官移植、人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征或危重疾病。侵袭性真菌感染是根据深部组织或正常无菌部位是否存在真菌而诊断的。假丝酵母属(Candida spp.)、曲霉属(Aspergillus spp.)。针对这些真菌感染的宿主防御依赖于先天免疫和获得性免疫,特别是中性粒细胞和T细胞免疫。

系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)是一种多系统受累的慢性自身免疫性疾病。感染是系统性红斑狼疮患者的主要并发症和死亡原因。除了疾病作为内在因素外,系统性红斑狼疮的宿主防御机制还受到糖皮质激素或免疫抑制剂等药物治疗的损害。在系统性红斑狼疮患者中,中性粒细胞吞噬功能降低,对白细胞介素-8、11和CD4+T辅助细胞(Th)的反应性降低,细胞凋亡增加。此外,低补体血症的存在和自然杀伤细胞数量的减少以及白细胞介素-8、11和CD4+T辅助细胞(Th)的功能紊乱。

虽然细菌和病毒是系统性红斑狼疮患者中观察到的最常见的病原体,但由于敏感诊断模式的应用,IFI的识别越来越多。在实体器官移植受者中,类固醇和免疫抑制剂的使用是IFI的公认危险因素;然而,SLE患者IFI的危险因素尚不清楚。对182项研究(包括393名SLE和IFIS患者)的系统回顾发现,死亡率高达50.9%;然而,由于每项研究的病例数量有限,很难确定IFI的实际发病率和风险因素。台湾国民健康保险(NHIRD)研究资料库(NHIRD)在全国范围内提供全面且不间断的医疗资讯,因此可用于流行病学研究。

我们通过使用NHIRD的数据进行了这项基于人群的回顾性队列研究,以检查SLE患者IFI的临床负担、结果和危险因素,特别关注每种真菌种类的不同危险因素模式。

1997年至2012年间被诊断为系统性红斑狼疮的患者与年龄、性别匹配的非系统性红斑狼疮对照按1:10的比例从台湾国家医疗保险研究数据库中登记。IFI是根据国际疾病分类、第九次修订、临床修改代码确定的,并通过全身抗真菌药物的处方进行验证。分析IFI及其亚型的发病率(IR)、发病率比(IRR)和全因死亡率。采用具有时变协变量的Cox多元回归模型分析IFI的独立危险因素。

共有24,541名系统性红斑狼疮患者和245,410名非系统性红斑狼疮患者纳入研究。我们观察到系统性红斑狼疮队列中有445例IFI发作,全因死亡率为26.7%。假丝酵母属(Candida spp.)。最常见的病原菌为隐球菌(52.8%),其次为隐球菌。(18.2%)和曲霉属(Aspergillus spp.)。(18.2%)。SLE队列中IFI的IR为20.83/万人年,相对于非SLE对照组的IRR为11.1[95%可信区间(CI):9.8-12.6]。18岁的青少年系统性红斑狼疮患者⩽的IRR值最高,为47.2(95%CI:2 6.9~86.8)。在60天内使用静脉类固醇治疗(风险比:29.11,95%CI:23.30-36.37)是所有IFI和三种主要真菌病原体中最关键的危险因素。不同IFI亚型之间存在不同的危险因素。

总而言之,这项全国性的基于人群的队列研究揭示了红斑狼疮患者感染IFI的高风险和死亡率,包括青少年红斑狼疮患者的高风险。60天内静脉注射类固醇治疗是IFIS最关键的预测因素。不同的免疫抑制剂可能会降低感染某些真菌病原体的风险。目前的调查提供了关于系统性红斑狼疮中IFIs的关键流行病学信息,并强调了建立风险管理计划的进一步研究的必要性。

文献来源:

Su CF,  Lai CC,  Li TH,Epidemiology and risk of invasive fungal infections in systemic lupus erythematosus: a nationwide population-based cohort study,Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2021;13

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    2022-01-21 zhaojie88
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    2022-01-21 sunyl07
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    2022-01-21 zhouqu_8

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