阴道B超在排卵监测中的运用

2018-05-26 佚名 即时超声

临床上排卵监测方法包括基础体温、宫颈粘液评分、血雌激素或孕激素测定、血或尿LH峰值测定,但这些方法均不能监测优势卵泡的数量、位置及发育过程,也不能准确提示卵泡成熟和卵泡破裂及排卵情况。通过经阴道超声(TVS)监测卵泡生长发育、排卵及黄体形成是较好的方法。



临床上排卵监测方法包括基础体温、宫颈粘液评分、血雌激素或孕激素测定、血或尿LH峰值测定,但这些方法均不能监测优势卵泡的数量、位置及发育过程,也不能准确提示卵泡成熟和卵泡破裂及排卵情况。通过经阴道超声(TVS)监测卵泡生长发育、排卵及黄体形成是较好的方法。

一、TVS的优点:

高分辨率的阴道探头几乎直接接触被扫查器官,紧贴宫颈、穹隆,无需充盈膀胱,不受肠腔气体干扰和腹壁声衰减的影响,故使盆腔器官的声像图清晰,尤其以子宫内膜和卵巢的观察更为清晰,并且可以重复监测,安全可靠,准确率高;通过动态观察卵泡超声图像的变化,能比较全面地监测卵泡的生长过程。

二、TVS的监测要点:

子宫内膜:卵泡早期的内膜较薄,厚度约3~6 mm,随着卵泡生长,雌激素水平逐渐升高,内膜 不断增厚。当卵泡达到成熟时,内膜厚度一般可达 10-14mm。根据内膜的回声,可分为 A 型内膜(子宫内膜回声低于子宫壁回 声,并有明显三线征) 、B 型内膜(子宫内膜回声与肌层 回声相同) 、C型内膜(子宫内膜回声高于肌层回声) 。

卵泡大小:测量卵泡时显示卵泡最大切面后测量卵泡的长径和与之垂直的横径,取其平均值。在自然周期中通常只有一个卵泡发育成熟,其余的相继闭锁。当卵泡直径达10 mm时成为优势卵泡,自然周期中一般仅有一侧卵巢内有优势卵泡存在。优势卵泡的生长速度约为 1~2 mm/ d,近排卵前的卵泡生长速度可达 2~3 mm/d,当卵泡直径达18~20 mm时成为成熟卵泡,呈椭圆形或圆形,内为无回声区,边界清楚,有一定张力,常突于卵巢表面。

排卵征象:① 成熟卵泡消失,最为多见;②卵泡缩小,原成熟卵泡直径明显缩小(大于5mm),形态不规则。③子宫直肠凹积液,约40 %出现。④子宫内膜呈分泌期反应,分型转变为C型内膜。

三、排卵监测时间

自然周期排卵监测:月经周期 28~30 天者,从月经来潮第8~10 天开始第 1 次阴道B 超监测;月经不规律者,可从白带增多开始监测,当优势卵泡 <10mm时,每3 天监测1 次;直径10~14 mm时,每2 天监测一次;直径 ≥15 mm时,每天监测 1 次。同时结合月经周期、内膜厚度、BBT、宫颈粘液及尿LH半定量测定来预测排卵时间。

药物促排周期: 一般为月经周期3-5天开始用药,用药前需行TVS检查了解卵巢情况,卵巢上若有大于1cm液暗或是卵巢占位,一般该周期不促排。

四、异常卵泡周期的卵泡表现

无排卵周期:双侧卵巢内细小卵泡稍发育后连续观察无变化或无卵泡发育。

小卵泡周期:连续观察每天卵泡生长缓慢,卵泡排卵时 < 17 mm。

不破裂卵泡黄素化综合征(LUFS)  卵泡生长发育正常,但在排卵期不发生排卵,卵泡内无回声区内 出现点、线样回声,呈黄素化改变。

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    2018-05-27 zb1235672

    好知识值得借鉴!!

    0

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    2018-05-26 方舒

    学习

    0