重磅快讯:Jennifer Doudna等发现新CRISPR-Cas系统——已申请专利

2016-12-23 佚名 生物谷

北京时间12月23日凌晨,Nature杂志在线刊发了来自加州大学伯克利分校Jennifer A. DoudnaJillian F. Banfield合作的题为“New CRISPR–Cas systems from uncultivated microbes”的重磅研究成果,研究表明她们开发了一种新型的CRISPR-Cas基因编辑系统,命名为CRISPR–CasX 和CRISPR–CasY。值得注意的是该篇文章从投稿到online不到两个月的时间,而且Nature杂志特别标明是“加快评审文章”(Accelerated Article Preview),更值得关注的是Nature的PDF文章中明确提到了,加州大学就这个新的发现已经向美国专利商标局提交了临时专利申请(见下图)。Jennifer A. Doudna和Jillian F. Banfield为本文的通讯作者。

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一般来说,按照惯例Nature杂志都是在北京时间周四凌晨在线出版新的一期文章,而这篇重量级的新型CRISPR-Cas系统文章在北京时间周五凌晨在线发表,自然意义非同寻常,值得注意的是PDF格式的论文都不是最终排版好的版本,好玩的是国内外一些媒体在论文online的一瞬间都release了新闻稿,国内的是《澎湃新闻》,国外的主要是《The Scientist》,加州大学伯克利分校也发布了新闻(见下图)。


看媒体这架势,新基因编辑系统确实非同寻常,不过到真正应用于基因编辑尚需时日。

目前的CRISPR-Cas基因编辑技术完全是基于可培养的细菌,而目前自然中还有着非常多的“不可培养的细菌”(uncultivated microbes,自然界中有很多细菌在正常的实验条件下不能生长产生菌落的状态,而且这种不可培养状态是普遍存在的,这一概念由马里兰大学微生物学家Colwell在1982年提出,见下图)


Jennifer A. Doudna和Jillian F. Banfield的这篇文章主要研究了地下水、底下沉积物、酸性矿山废水、土壤和婴儿肠道等其它环境中的微生物,运用宏基因组学的手段从“不可培养的细菌”中找到了能够进行基因编辑的新系统CRISPR–CasX 和CRISPR–CasY(见下图)。


应该来说,这项研究大大拓展人们对CRISPR-Cas系统的认识,特充分表明了微生物是个大宝库,或许未来还可以在系列微生物中找到更多的基因编辑系统。

在《The Scienctist》杂志的相关报道中,北卡罗莱州立大学Rodolphe Barrangou说道,“在宏基因组的暗物质里面掘金简直太酷了,大自然的事物远比人们想象的多得多”。

在过去的十年里,Jillian F. Banfield和她的同事们从不同的地方收集了大量的微生物,提取这些微生物的DNA并重构基因组。这些基因组的分析设计Terabase级别的数据分析,正式这些前期的系统性的研究奠定了今日她和Jennifer A. Doudna合作的这篇重量文章的研究基础。

新发现的CRISPR-CasY系统来源于一种加州Crystal Geyser的深层水中,图片引自UCB的新闻网

Jillian F. Banfield在科罗拉多采集数据,她采集到的细菌被发现含有CRISPR-CasX系统,图片引自UCB的新闻网

今年4月份,Jillian F. Banfield的一项研究为找到新的CRISPR-Cas系统奠定了良好的基础

Jennifer Doudna

到目前为止,已知报道能切割核酸的Cas II型系统蛋白成员有Cas9、Cpf1、C2c1(切割DNA),C2c2(切割RNA),C2c3(可能切割DNA)。有关CRISPR–CasX 和CRISPR–CasY系统是否能真正变成有效的基因编辑工作,尚待进一步研究,Doudna和她的同事们目前正在紧张的开展此项研究工作。(生物谷Bioon.com)

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    2017-11-15 xqptu
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    2017-07-05 zxxiang
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    2016-12-25 yuandd
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    2016-12-25 xxxx1054
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    2016-12-25 yaanren

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