Nat Commun:膳食纤维控制你的食欲

2014-05-04 叶予 生物通

众所周知,想要减肥就应该多吃富含纤维的蔬菜水果。现在,一项小鼠研究向人们展示,膳食纤维可以影响大脑活性,进而控制你的食欲。 科学家们发现,膳食纤维的发酵产物可以直接影响下丘脑,而大脑的这一区域参与了对食欲的调控。文章发表在四月二十九日的Nature Communications杂志上。 人们总是说,富含纤维的食物可以帮助你保持体型,不过“此前还没有人探明这其中的机制,”文章的资深作者,

众所周知,想要减肥就应该多吃富含纤维的蔬菜水果。现在,一项小鼠研究向人们展示,膳食纤维可以影响大脑活性,进而控制你的食欲。

科学家们发现,膳食纤维的发酵产物可以直接影响下丘脑,而大脑的这一区域参与了对食欲的调控。文章发表在四月二十九日的Nature Communications杂志上。

人们总是说,富含纤维的食物可以帮助你保持体型,不过“此前还没有人探明这其中的机制,”文章的资深作者,伦敦帝国理工学院的Jimmy Bell说。

此前科学家们认为,高纤维食品可以刺激肠道,使其释放出抑制食欲的激素。这些激素在小鼠体内的确有所增加,不过在人体内似乎并非如此,Bell说。(Nature:肠道细菌与膳食纤维

为此,Bell及其同事开始寻找纤维的其他作用途径。短链脂肪酸acetate是纤维在肠道中的发酵产物,它丰度最高而且能够通过血液传播,因此研究人员针对acetate进行了研究。

他们让小鼠食用标记有碳13的纤维,随后跟踪碳13参与的化学反应。研究显示,这些纤维经过发酵生成了acetate,这些带有标记的acetate不仅出现在肠道,也出现在与食欲调节有关的下丘脑。研究人员指出,acetate在下丘脑中可以通过glutamine-glutamate cycle代谢,控制特定的神经递质释放,进而影响食欲。有研究显示,饮酒后也会出现这样的acetate代谢。

研究人员还发现,与食用不可发酵纤维的小鼠,食用可发酵纤维的小鼠食量较小体重也更轻。

引发争议

Alberta大学研究下丘脑神经递质的William Colmers指出,这项研究是可信的但他担心结果被过分解读。举例来说,实验中的膳食纤维水平大约为11%,这可能大量产气让小鼠感到不适,进而影响小鼠进食。

这项研究认为,下丘脑中的acetate能够影响神经递质的释放从而减少食欲,这未免“将神经系统的作用机制想得过于简单,” Colmers补充道。神经递质的释放“受到非常精密的调控”不会对这么简单的生化变动如此敏感。

尽管这项研究是在小鼠中进行的,Bell认为这种机制一样适用于人类。“已知人脑中的确存在acetate代谢,而且我们肠道中也有相应的菌群。”他说。下一步,Bell及其同事准备在人体内验证自己的理论。

要达到抑制食欲的效果我们应该食用多少纤维?绝大多数人每天食用10-20g纤维,这个量很难再有所提升。为此研究人员正在与公司合作,希望富集产acetate的纤维以刺激消化系统,或者将acetate包裹在缓慢释放的纳米颗粒里帮助人们控制食欲。“这些方法可以让你即使拿着蛋糕也不想吃,”Bell说。


原始出处:

Frost G1, Sleeth ML1, Sahuri-Arisoylu M2, Lizarbe B3, Cerdan S3, Brody L2, Anastasovska J2, Ghourab S2, Hankir M2, Zhang S4, Carling D4, Swann JR5, Gibson G5, Viardot A1, Morrison D6, Louise Thomas E2, Bell JD2.The short-chain fatty acid acetate reduces appetite via a central homeostatic mechanism.Nat Commun. 2014 Apr 29;5:3611. doi: 10.1038/ncomms4611.

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    2018-11-15 kafei

    了解一下谢谢

    0

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    2014-08-21 liuli5079
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    2014-10-06 liye789132251
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    2014-05-06 zhaojie88
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