《中国基础科学国际竞争力蓝皮书》发布

2015-08-04 佚名 科学网

中国在世界科学舞台上的竞争力究竟如何?近日,中科院文献情报中心发布的《中国基础科学国际竞争力蓝皮书2015》(以下简称《蓝皮书》)显示,中国已连续多年保持了科研产出的强劲增长态势,但中国科研发展也需要转方式、调结构、提质量。 由于科学研究是人类社会最复杂的智力活动之一,科研竞争力的内涵也远远超出了数量与质量的范畴。为此,“《蓝皮书》以科研产出为依据,采用定量研究方法勾勒中国基础科学国际竞争力的宏

中国在世界科学舞台上的竞争力究竟如何?近日,中科院文献情报中心发布的《中国基础科学国际竞争力蓝皮书2015》(以下简称《蓝皮书》)显示,中国已连续多年保持了科研产出的强劲增长态势,但中国科研发展也需要转方式、调结构、提质量。

由于科学研究是人类社会最复杂的智力活动之一,科研竞争力的内涵也远远超出了数量与质量的范畴。为此,“《蓝皮书》以科研产出为依据,采用定量研究方法勾勒中国基础科学国际竞争力的宏观轮廓和基本特征,诊断性分析中国基础科学需要加强或关注的问题。”《蓝皮书》的总策划、中科院文献情报中心张晓林研究员。

《蓝皮书》显示,2009~2013年间,中国SCI论文数量的科研规模增长了0.8倍,但学术影响力的增长速度相对滞后。而且与科技发达国家相比,中国科研成果的知识交流多发生在相同领域内部,跨领域的知识融汇贯通仍须加强。

“跨领域的知识融汇现状是基于论文间引用关系进行计算和分析出来的结果。”《蓝皮书》研究团队的负责人杨立英研究员基于170多个学科间的论文相互引用关系得出了这样的结论。《蓝皮书》研究团队发现,美国的交叉学科之间的引用具有相当大的跨越度,而中国则更倾向于相近学科之间的引用。

科研规模与质量发展不协调的情况也为杨立英及其团队所重视。《蓝皮书》显示,从投入产出的视角看,2013年中国以论文第2的世界位次获得了引文世界第7的位次,以15.9%的论文世界份额收获了5.3%的引文世界份额,产出了9.6%世界份额的重要成果。同时,最近5年中国高水平成果的年增长率达到了17.7%,远远超出科技强国。

上述数据表明:中国以相对较多的投入(论文)获得了相对较少的产出(引文)。“对于新兴科技国家而言,学术质量发展滞后可能是必经之路,但规模增长模式将在未来遭遇有限的科技资源的制约。”杨立英说,中国科研界应该加大对科研效率提升的关注。

《蓝皮书》也揭示了中国与科技强国之间在学科结构上的区别。杨立英等人将经济学上的基尼系数引入学科结构均衡性的计算。虽然结构的均衡性并非评判学科结构是否合理的标准,但是他们发现,0.2是科技新兴国家与科技强国学科结构均衡度的分界线。2009~2013年,中国的均衡指数从0.27下降至0.23,揭示出中国各学科的发展水平日趋接近,学科结构向均衡态发展。但与科技强国相比,中国仍表现出偏态分布特征。

《蓝皮书》发现,中国的学科发展差异很大,生命科学的发展还相对较弱。从学科地位看,生命科学在科技发达国家早已成为主导学科,但在中国,生命科学的相对研究规模仍远不及美国。从重要成果产出看,中国生命科学领域多数学科的世界份额只有2%左右,而同期美国这些学科的世界份额约在50%。

《蓝皮书》特别关注了新兴科技国家如中国在科研发展历程中与科技强国的差异,设计了引领指数、均衡指数、卓越指数等一系列表述中国科研发展竞争力的诊断性指标。“我们希望给科技发展一个精细的图像,这个图像不仅可以看到表面的整体状况,而且还可以看到里面可能存在的问题。”张晓林说。

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1764656, encodeId=f7481e646560c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d5cee56412b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#竞争力#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75641, encryptionId=d5cee56412b, topicName=竞争力)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=693637755061, createdName=12498cbcm12(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Nov 04 22:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38162, encodeId=84ad38162c4, content=这篇文章写得很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Oct 08 16:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34461, encodeId=67993446121, content=有待国家去解决啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 10:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34460, encodeId=bf7634460f6, content=但是还是暴露很多问题, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 10:38:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34338, encodeId=22db34338ff, content=临床医学可能要更差一些。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Tue Aug 04 12:03:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1764656, encodeId=f7481e646560c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d5cee56412b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#竞争力#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75641, encryptionId=d5cee56412b, topicName=竞争力)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=693637755061, createdName=12498cbcm12(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Nov 04 22:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38162, encodeId=84ad38162c4, content=这篇文章写得很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Oct 08 16:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34461, encodeId=67993446121, content=有待国家去解决啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 10:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34460, encodeId=bf7634460f6, content=但是还是暴露很多问题, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 10:38:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34338, encodeId=22db34338ff, content=临床医学可能要更差一些。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Tue Aug 04 12:03:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-10-08 hlycom3356

    这篇文章写得很好

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1764656, encodeId=f7481e646560c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d5cee56412b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#竞争力#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75641, encryptionId=d5cee56412b, topicName=竞争力)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=693637755061, createdName=12498cbcm12(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Nov 04 22:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38162, encodeId=84ad38162c4, content=这篇文章写得很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Oct 08 16:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34461, encodeId=67993446121, content=有待国家去解决啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 10:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34460, encodeId=bf7634460f6, content=但是还是暴露很多问题, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 10:38:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34338, encodeId=22db34338ff, content=临床医学可能要更差一些。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Tue Aug 04 12:03:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-08-05 hlycom3356

    有待国家去解决啊

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1764656, encodeId=f7481e646560c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d5cee56412b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#竞争力#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75641, encryptionId=d5cee56412b, topicName=竞争力)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=693637755061, createdName=12498cbcm12(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Nov 04 22:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38162, encodeId=84ad38162c4, content=这篇文章写得很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Oct 08 16:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34461, encodeId=67993446121, content=有待国家去解决啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 10:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34460, encodeId=bf7634460f6, content=但是还是暴露很多问题, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 10:38:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34338, encodeId=22db34338ff, content=临床医学可能要更差一些。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Tue Aug 04 12:03:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-08-05 hlycom3356

    但是还是暴露很多问题

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1764656, encodeId=f7481e646560c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d5cee56412b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#竞争力#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=75641, encryptionId=d5cee56412b, topicName=竞争力)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=693637755061, createdName=12498cbcm12(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Nov 04 22:54:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=38162, encodeId=84ad38162c4, content=这篇文章写得很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Oct 08 16:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34461, encodeId=67993446121, content=有待国家去解决啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 10:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34460, encodeId=bf7634460f6, content=但是还是暴露很多问题, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Wed Aug 05 10:38:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34338, encodeId=22db34338ff, content=临床医学可能要更差一些。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Tue Aug 04 12:03:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-04, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-08-04 lovetcm

    临床医学可能要更差一些。

    0