PREIS SCHOOL:早产儿存活率虽有提高,但有缺陷的早产儿数量并没有改变?——世界早产流行病学调查

2017-07-07 MedSci MedSci

导语:据统计,全球每年有1490万早产儿提前来到这个世界,早产一直都是围产医学备受关注的话题,本次PREIS SCHOOL大会上,来自德国的Jan Stener Jorgensen教授跟我们分享了“世界早产流行病学调查及真实世界数据”的主题演讲。         Jorgensen教授指出, 2010年的数据表明,全球出生的早产儿有1490万例,占

导语:据统计,全球每年有1490万早产儿提前来到这个世界,早产一直都是围产医学备受关注的话题,本次PREIS SCHOOL大会上,来自德国的Jan Stener Jorgensen教授跟我们分享了“世界早产流行病学调查及真实世界数据”的主题演讲。

        Jorgensen教授指出, 2010年的数据表明,全球出生的早产儿有1490万例,占全部新生儿的11.1%,其中有110万例早产儿死于并发症,且世界各国早产率差异较大(5%-18%)。

        全球早产率超过15%的国家[1] ,一共有11个,其中大部分国家来自非洲地区,亚洲地区仅印度尼西亚和巴基斯坦的早产率上榜。

早产儿绝对数量top10的国家[2]


        1990 到 2010年间,中国早产儿一共有117.2万 例,占全球早产儿总数的7.8%,排世界第二,仅次于印度。中国早产儿的发生率虽不高(7.1%),但由于人口基数大,其早产儿绝对数量仍触目惊心。

近几年早产儿存活率虽有提高,但有缺陷的早产儿数量并没有改变

超过80%的早产儿是在32-36+6周出生,且大部分能通过新生儿基础护理存活,但有缺陷的早产儿数据不容乐观。


        上图表明,从1985年至2015年,早产儿的存活率有了极大的提高,可喜的是,随着早产儿的存活增多,有缺陷的早产儿比率并没有随之增多,但有缺陷的早产儿绝对数量并没有减少,且因早产缺陷会给生活、社会带来许多危害,这类人群需要得到更多的社会经济支持和医疗保障。

有缺陷的早产儿需得到更多的照护

        Jorgensen教授引用了一篇来自瑞典全国队列研究[3],该研究共纳入522310例在1973-1975年出生的早产儿,并随访到23-29岁,来探究早产儿在成年后的缺陷情况和职业表现。研究表明,大多数早产儿成年以后能独立自主的生活,但中度早产的成年人存在长期的功能损伤风险。

各国对早产的统计偏差:

1.孕龄计算方法的偏差:

    a) 怀孕的准确时间:除了辅助生殖技术外,普通孕妇很难确定怀孕的准确时间;

    b) 根据末次月经来评估:只有66%的孕妇是标准28天的月经周期,且只有80%的孕妇记得确切的末次月经时间,且患者最近没有流产、母乳喂养及使用激素类药物等情况才能使用末次月经来判断孕龄;

    c)超声扫描:在有些发展中国家,超声技术并不普及;

2.孕周计算方法的不同:如截断算法:36+0到36+6算成36周,四舍五入算法:36+4到37+3算成37周,四舍五入算法导致早产率低估了24%。

3.出生体重的差异:35周后的早产儿,出生体重与早产并无确切关系,并不能通过出生体重判断是否早产,且出生体重随着人群和种族不同也不尽相同。

4.出生登记的差异:评估时纳入死产数会导致早产率更高,但仅基于活产儿数量统计得到的早产率不能准确地反映围产期新生儿的实际情况,需要更好的改善统计登记办法。

5.出生登记的缺失记录也导致早产率的不准确:Jorgensen教授引用Baichlin I et al.的一篇研究,该研究统计了1988-1998年,英国17个医院50万例新生儿。结果显示:有记录的数据仅89%,统计得到的早产率为7.6%,而11%的数据并没有记录,对未记录的数据重新统计计算后得到校对的早产率为9.8%,比先前记录提高了29%。

早产的异质性

        同样为早产,也因病因、人种、胎儿成熟度等不同而导致其异质性, Jorgensen教授总结了几种情况:

1.病因不同致早产时间不同:

    a)自发性早产——常见于36周后

    b)子痫前期导致的选择性早产——常见于32周

2. 人种差别致早产时间不同:

    a)产前出血导致的自发性早产和早产——常见于既往无早产史的白种人,发生在28周的早产

    b)早发型胎膜早破(PPROM)导致的自发性早产和早产——常见于既往有复发性早产病史的黑种人,发生在24周的早产

3.胎儿成熟度不同致早产结局的不同:

    a)成熟度极差的早产儿,可能带来40%的死胎和新生儿死亡;

    b)成熟度较好的早产儿(通常是孕35周后分娩的早产儿),其围产期死亡率不到10%

4.生理性和病理性的不同所致早产的不同:极早产儿更可能是因为病理上的原因,而中晚期早产儿更多是因为生理上的原因。


参考文献:

1. Born toosoon: the global action report on preterm birth[internet]. WHO, 2012.

2. Blencowe H, et al. National, regional, and worldwideestimates of preterm birth rates in the year 2010 with time from since 1990 forselected countries: a systematic analysis and implications. Lancet. 2012 Jun 9;379(9832):2162-72.

3. Norberg H,et al. Timing of antenatal corticosteroid administrationand survival in extremely preterm infants: a national population-based cohortstudy. BJOG. 2017 Mar 15.

往期回顾:

【PREIS SCHOOL】关于引产最佳时间的“那些事儿”,你都知道吗?

【PREIS SCHOOL】特殊情况下何时引产最佳?何种引产方法最理想?涨姿势了!

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    2017-07-09 xugumin
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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1862901, encodeId=02711862901cf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b5ca453451f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#存活率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45345, encryptionId=b5ca453451f, topicName=存活率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5b3f89, createdName=daviiliu, createdTime=Sun Apr 08 23:28:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1411276, encodeId=2f2b14112e68c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=91e96538eee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#流行病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65387, encryptionId=91e96538eee, topicName=流行病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=30bd35, createdName=xugumin, createdTime=Sun Jul 09 07:28:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1423788, encodeId=4c041423e887a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=abfd6539566' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#流行病学调查#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65395, encryptionId=abfd6539566, topicName=流行病学调查)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=6bc93846316, createdName=charl1234568, createdTime=Sun Jul 09 07:28:00 CST 2017, time=2017-07-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=219748, encodeId=f88e219e48b6, content=好好的看看有进步, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sat Jul 08 06:54:52 CST 2017, time=2017-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=219622, encodeId=0ba6219622b4, content=学习了,涨知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220115/46bcf39c32de4aa6b45c5f9d66c8ee77/6cb4a20c55bb4b7691122f47747bfca2.jpg, createdBy=9dad1662329, createdName=1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称), createdTime=Fri Jul 07 20:44:30 CST 2017, time=2017-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=219612, encodeId=54df219612d2, content=生理性和病理性的不同所致早产的不同:极早产儿更可能是因为病理上的原因,而中晚期早产儿更多是因为生理上的原因。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7cJ6ejWUr2nIia8qOvAKNdLHr32Df6G8iaoaOx6pHaoiacwp26DaslxZHCGbibZhhCGven4rvmWP60GahtzgFjgCjR/0, createdBy=6b111703011, createdName=有备才能无患, createdTime=Fri Jul 07 19:38:40 CST 2017, time=2017-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=219604, encodeId=bc0321960432, content=学习了,谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zSn0GqHrsfLGSUSR8zwnWWLT4FMl5XH8S58HuZslVkLsAPbXDXaliagK7TOxQfmngKibG1yrDonepCLDkcxGk8hS/0, createdBy=b8282062892, createdName=changjiu, createdTime=Fri Jul 07 19:18:06 CST 2017, time=2017-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=219582, encodeId=508a2195825c, content=不错的,学习了,谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NdqKgfW3nMpOkC3jXxiaW2po0PtglY5ZuVjERqKADW4HyMI8bcZXWlKgH7tEP9ULBoBzuQMibia4pr1s9rQPqLvqQJ/0, createdBy=e8c02060444, createdName=中医痴, createdTime=Fri Jul 07 18:05:11 CST 2017, time=2017-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-07-08 忠诚向上

    好好的看看有进步

    0

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    2017-07-07 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了,涨知识

    0

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    2017-07-07 有备才能无患

    生理性和病理性的不同所致早产的不同:极早产儿更可能是因为病理上的原因,而中晚期早产儿更多是因为生理上的原因。

    0

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    2017-07-07 changjiu

    学习了,谢谢

    0

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    2017-07-07 中医痴

    不错的,学习了,谢谢分享!

    0

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