Vaccine:免疫调节抑制剂和人狂犬病免疫球蛋白(HRIG)组合应用或许可为狂犬病治疗的新方向

2018-07-29 ipsvirus 病毒学界

狂犬病,一旦发病100%致死率,让人谈其色变!目前主要为疫苗预防为主,其治疗一直在努力,但均不理想。但科学是勇于挑战不可能的!近日Vaccine一篇文章揭示,组合应用免疫调节抑制剂和人狂犬病免疫球蛋白(HRIG),或许可以作为一个狂犬病治疗的研究方向。

狂犬病,一旦发病100%致死率,让人谈其色变!目前主要为疫苗预防为主,其治疗一直在努力,但均不理想。但科学是勇于挑战不可能的!近日Vaccine一篇文章揭示,组合应用免疫调节抑制剂和人狂犬病免疫球蛋白(HRIG),或许可以作为一个狂犬病治疗的研究方向。

研究背景

狂犬病是所有传染病中最凶险的一种病毒性疾病。一旦发病,预后极差,死亡率几近100%。临床上狂犬病治疗的基本手段是将病人置于ICU中,密切观察生命体征的同时,避免声、光、风等对其刺激,使其镇静,减轻病痛,尽可能延长生存时间。偶见狂犬病治疗恢复的案例报道,但均有不详争议之处。

狂犬病病毒(rabies virus, RABV)属于弹状病毒科(Rhab-doviridae)狂犬病毒属 (Lyssavirus)。“简单”的一串“NPMGL”基因序列,编码组合成了一颗致命的“子弹”!目前能分到12个血清型。第1血清型——代表株CVS24——包括野毒株及各实验室保存的大部分毒株,是典型的狂犬病病毒。



以生命的代价屡屡证明,狂犬病一旦临床症状发生,没有任何抗病毒制剂是有效的。但科学是勇于挑战不可能的!近日Vaccine一篇文章揭示,组合应用免疫调节抑制剂和人狂犬病免疫球蛋白(HRIG),或许可以作为一个狂犬病治疗的研究方向。

结果速览

研究人员以银毛蝙蝠狂犬病毒(SHBRV-18)攻击C57Bl/6小鼠模型,严谨的设计了三次实验,每次设置三个组别,每个组别的攻毒剂量、首次开始治疗时间、治疗药物组成、治疗周期等因素均考虑在内进行了前后、平行对照。实验结果主要以小鼠存活率和CNS病毒载量为指标,测试几种不同的治疗组合方式的作用。

第一次试验组合应用TNF-α抑制剂(英夫利昔)Caspase-1抑制剂(Ac-YVAD-cmk)和一个MAP激酶抑制剂(索拉菲尼)。相比未治疗小鼠,A组存活率显着延长但是无统计学意义。





第二次试验针对暴露前处理组,联合HRIG的应用,死亡率近乎为0,并且CNS中病毒滴度显着性降低。暴露后处理组同样提高了生存率。相比单独应用,HRIG与免疫调节制剂混合物的组合应用体现出了较高的保护效果。





第三次试验进一步增加了IFN-γ、病毒唑(利巴韦林)和法匹拉韦(T-705)等病毒复制抑制剂,作为血脑屏障的开启者,甘露醇也被加用。结果该组未能起到任何保护作用,反而可能因为彼此间的相互作用而产生了毒性反应。





结语

由于众多细胞因子和效应细胞的调控网络复杂性,狂犬病毒的免疫学背景并未完全清晰。不过,狂犬病毒导致的促炎症信号通路和某些免疫系统损伤性反应都有相关研究。RABV的致病机制包括有丝分裂原活化蛋白(MAP)激酶和Caspase-1介导凋亡机制的级联反应,脑组织的促炎症反应以及TNF-α等细胞因子的过表达等。

本文使用免疫调节剂、HRIG、病毒复制抑制剂等组合应用,测试其狂犬治疗的可能性。通过测试结果反映出:促炎症细胞因子和分子通路的抑制剂能提高攻毒小鼠的生存率,并且配合使用抗体效果更好。文章对统计结果进行前后分析,还发现治疗周期越长,治疗效果越好,至少12-14天是需要的。



文末,研究团队也认为,这些结果还只是很小的研究进展,毕竟距离应用到人类临床研究,犬类的动物实验都可能与小鼠具有不同的结果。但毕竟指示了狂犬治疗的可能性,推动了一个方向的发展。

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    2018-08-14 jklm09
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    2019-01-24 kalseyzl
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    2018-10-12 xzw113
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    2018-08-03 liumin1987

    嗯嗯,学习学习。

    0

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    2018-07-30 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了,长知识

    0