AIDS and Behavior :HIV家用检测试纸可预防艾滋传播

2012-09-04 丁香园 丁香园

30年来对HIV流行病学的监控表明,许多HIV感染高风险者不能或不愿采取安全性行为,比如禁欲和使用安全套。这些情况表明在这些(高风险)个体中采取替代方法降低HIV暴露率或传播率有市场空间。纽约艾滋病临床与行为研究中心 Alex Carballo-Dieguez与其同事最近的一个研究项目结果----- HIV家用检测试纸(HT)就是这样的方法之一。 Springer旗下的《AIDS and

30年来对HIV流行病学的监控表明,许多HIV感染高风险者不能或不愿采取安全性行为,比如禁欲和使用安全套。这些情况表明在这些(高风险)个体中采取替代方法降低HIV暴露率或传播率有市场空间。纽约艾滋病临床与行为研究中心 Alex Carballo-Dieguez与其同事最近的一个研究项目结果----- HIV家用检测试纸(HT)就是这样的方法之一。
 
Springer旗下的《AIDS and Behavior》杂志在线发表了他们的研究结果。

许多用于防止HIV传播的生物医疗策略正在被研发,但大部分都代价高昂并且进展不大。虽然快速HIV检测已经上市了一段时间,但是其作为快速筛查工具潜在的利用价值尚有待研究。最近FDA批准HT用于性伴侣间HIV快速筛查。那些进行无保护性交的人会在性交之前让他们的存在感染(高风险)性伴侣做此项测试吗?

来自不同种族的27位与男性性生活(MSM)的男同性恋者参与了此项研究。(调查人员)发给他们每人16套HT套装用于潜在性伴侣,前三个月每周进行监测,然后进行深入访谈。总的来说,HT套装在所有男性中广泛被接受,包括HIV感染率很高的少数族裔的MSM者。参与研究的男性希望继续使用并能直接买到这种套装。

深入访谈是最能说明HT套装意义的调查方法。通常在事先未告知的情况下谈论一些如何使用该套装的建议就可展开关于HIV数据的讨论。在这两种情况下,只有在项目参与者被建议使用HT套装时才会披露HIV阳性数据。(潜在性伴侣)如果拒绝使用HT套装会让参与者产生怀疑,因此会选择戴安全套或者放弃性行为。当HIV检测结果为阳性时,参与者都放弃了性交。

反对者表示,他们害怕会因套装的普及而降低安全套使用。然而Carballo-Dieguez与其同事则认为不会妨碍那些原本已经选择不用安全套的人使用安全套。这些人中,HT不会取代任何已存在的措施,反而填补了这些措施中的空白。这项研究非常清楚的显示,HT被证明是有助于阻止HIV感染在高风险人群中传播的价廉物美、简单易接受的工具。

作者强调:“因为这个策略(与参与者)是相辅相成的,它很可能会促使个人控制自身行为、开发一种非安全套依赖的公共途径、共同承担防止HIV传播的责任、最终基于客观证据的基础上,让血清分类方法从一种想法成为一种实际可行的方法。“

拓展阅读:                 

  • PLoS Genet:艾滋病毒有助于对抗癌症
  • NEJM:抗干扰素-γ自身中和抗体与艾滋病样免疫缺陷症相关
  • 我国艾滋疫苗进入Ⅱ期临床试验
  • Nature:感染艾滋病毒的T细胞是病毒传播的运输载体
  • 联合国发布全球艾滋病新数据
  • 捷克抗艾滋病先驱霍利病逝 享年75岁
  • PLoS Comput Biol:艾滋病毒耐药性的起源问题
  • PNAS:科学家发现新的艾滋病毒抑制蛋白
  • Sci Transl Med:研究者发现潜在的艾滋病治疗新靶点
  • Gilead公司艾滋病治疗新药Quad再获FDA批准
  • Nature:药物让艾滋病毒暴露无遗
  • NEJM:艾滋病疫苗研究获新发现
  • Nature:艾滋病基因疗法在动物体内效果显著
  • Lancet:科学家提出防止艾滋病蔓延新方案
  • 新加坡发现艾滋病病毒新变种CRF51-01B型
  • CID:改善胸腺功能或是艾滋病治疗新思路
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      2012-09-12 仁者大医
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      2013-01-16 wjywjy
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      2012-09-06 cooco
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      2012-09-06 qjddjq

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