Cell:40年谜题被解开 科学家成功解析巨细胞病毒和宿主之间的进化军备竞赛

2017-04-06 生物谷 生物谷

最近,一项刊登在国际杂志Cell上的研究报告中,来自莫纳什大学的研究人员通过研究解开了一个长达40年的奥秘,文章中研究人员阐明了巨细胞病毒(CMV)和机体免疫系统之间长期存在的一种进化军备竞赛。 人类的巨细胞病毒俗称人疱疹病毒5型,其能够感染全世界大约50%的成年人,而且也是引发发达国家新生儿出生缺陷的

最近,一项刊登在国际杂志Cell上的研究报告中,来自莫纳什大学的研究人员通过研究解开了一个长达40年的奥秘,文章中研究人员阐明了巨细胞病毒(CMV)和机体免疫系统之间长期存在的一种进化军备竞赛。

人类的巨细胞病毒俗称人疱疹病毒5型,其能够感染全世界大约50%的成年人,而且也是引发发达国家新生儿出生缺陷的主要原因。这项研究中,研究者通过深入研究揭示了为何特殊病毒能够成功休眠以及不被机体免疫系统所识别。研究者Rich Berry说道,有些病毒非常“嚣张傲慢”,其会充分展现自身的活力和致病性,从而给患者带来严重的疾病症状,而巨细胞病毒则不同于这些病毒。

巨细胞病毒能够不断进化,并且躲避机体的免疫系统,同时该病毒又会在合适的时候出现。而病毒所采用的这种策略就会诱发异常进化军备竞赛,而这好比就是异常象棋生死之战一样;然而在这种场景中,分子就会替代象棋棋子,其会被移动用来防御或者进行攻击,病毒和宿主都会共同进化,并且建立适合他们之间关系维系的策略。

文章中,研究者揭示了巨细胞病毒如何进化来向机体NK细胞抛诱饵,从而让机体免疫系统误认为被感染的细胞也是健康的。Jamie Rossjohn教授表示,NK细胞的表现就好像我们机体中抵御病毒感染的最前线防御系统一样。NK细胞能够在机体中“游走”来检测细胞是否被感染,利用这种方式它们就能够知道何时杀灭感染细胞;健康细胞在其表面有着自身的标记,这些标记能够起到路标的作用来告诉NK细胞不要对其实施攻击行为,然而在机体感染期间这些自身标记的缺失也是免疫系统检测病毒的一种方式。

研究者Berry说道,这就是巨细胞病毒拦截的一种过程,其能够抛出诱饵标记物来诱骗机体免疫系统误认为已经被感染的细胞是健康的。然而机体免疫系统也会不断进化并且重塑,而这对于物种的持续生存是非常有必要的。本文研究解开了长达40年研究人员极其关注免疫系统中非常著名的蛋白功能的一个谜题,研究者发现,名为NK1.1的分子或许能够作为一种新型武器,其能够不断进化来直接识别巨细胞病毒的诱饵标记,从而使得免疫系统有效对其进行检测并且杀灭病毒。

前期研究中,研究人员重点对小鼠进行了相关研究,后期他们将转移到人类机体中进行试验;最后研究者Berry表示,NK1.1在人类机体中也能够表达,如果其能够扮演和在小鼠机体中相同的角色的话,或许就能够为我们提供一种新思路,帮助我们开发治疗抵御巨细胞病毒和其它病毒感染的新型治疗方法。

原始出处:

Oscar A. Aguilar, Richard Berry, Mir Munir A. Rahim, et al. A Viral Immunoevasin Controls Innate Immunity by Targeting the Prototypical Natural Killer Cell Receptor Family. Cell (2017) doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.03.002.

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    2017-10-16 hongbochen
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    2017-06-11 维他命
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    2017-04-07 wincls
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    2017-04-07 wwzzly

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来自约翰霍普金斯大学的研究人员对之间声称脑癌和疱疹有关系的研究报告提出质疑,研究人员分析了 125 名脑癌(神经胶质瘤)样本,其中 99 例来自于成年人,26 例来自于儿童,并没有任何证据证明肿瘤组织中存在巨细胞病毒 (CMV)

Science:量身打造的巨细胞病毒可帮助T细胞察觉更多的SIV

据一项新的研究披露,一种经过设计的巨细胞病毒(CMV)根本性地改变了T细胞保护恒河猴免于SIV感染的活性;猴子中的SIV相当于人类的HIV。 Scott Hansen及其同事曾在近期报告了经过设计可表达某些SIV蛋白的CMV株,从而让得到疫苗接种的猴子能够控制SIV感染,现在他们又报告说,这种特别的疫苗载体会驱使出一种来自CD8+ T细胞的非常独特的免疫反应。他们说,当与设计的被称作68-1 R

NEJM:超免疫球蛋白不能阻止巨细胞病毒宫内传播

05年的一项非对照试验表明对原发性巨细胞病毒(cytomegalovirus,CMV)感染的孕妇使用CMV特异性超免疫球蛋白治疗,结果显著降低了胎儿宫内感染率:从40%降至16%。 目前一项研究超免疫球蛋白治疗先天性CMV感染疗效的文章发表于近期的新英格兰医学杂志上。 意大利共有11个医学中心加入到此项研究中。研究者对超免疫球蛋白的疗效进行二期临床研究,应用随机、安慰剂对照、双盲试验。共124