CA Cancer J Clin:2015全球肺癌流行病学调查数据

2015-02-17 戴辉 昆明医科大学某附属医院

关键要点: 1. GLOBOCAN2012: 2012年全球约有1.41千万新发癌症病例,其中肺癌发病率为180万,占癌症发病率的13%,是癌症中诊断率最高的病种,也是全球男性、发达国家女性癌症死亡率最高的病种 2. 中国女性中肺癌发病率为20.4/10万,发病率已超过部分女性吸烟率较高的欧洲国家 3. 包括中国在内的东亚国家,50%的肺癌死亡率归结于户外小分子颗粒物的吸入 4. 引起肺癌

关键要点:

1. GLOBOCAN2012: 2012年全球约有1.41千万新发癌症病例,其中肺癌发病率为180万,占癌症发病率的13%,是癌症中诊断率最高的病种,也是全球男性、发达国家女性癌症死亡率最高的病种
2. 中国女性中肺癌发病率为20.4/10万,发病率已超过部分女性吸烟率较高的欧洲国家
3. 包括中国在内的东亚国家,50%的肺癌死亡率归结于户外小分子颗粒物的吸入
4. 引起肺癌的危险因素包括室内空气污染,职业暴露、环境致癌物(石棉,三氧化二砷等)及户外空气污染
5. 肺癌是最可防治的癌症之一

癌症已经成为发展中国家及发达国家沉重的经济负担,并且癌症的发生率因为人口的增长和老龄化而不断增加,肺癌作为发病率和死亡率增长最快,对人群健康和生命威胁最大的恶性肿瘤之一其最新的流行病学现状如何?2015年2月4日CA杂志在线发表了《2015全球癌症统计》,本文摘选出肺癌部分的统计数据以飨读者。




年龄标化率 (每10万人)

图1:各地区不同性别的肺癌发生率

《2015全球癌症统计》数据来源于WHO下属的国际癌症研究机构的全球肿瘤流行病统计数据(GLOBOCAN 2012),文章指出,根据相关资料及统计学模型估计,在2012年全球约有1.41千万新发癌症病例,其中肺癌发病率为180万,占癌症发病率的13%,是癌症中诊断率最高的病种,也是全球男性、发达国家女性癌症死亡率最高的病种,在发展中国家女性死亡率仅次于乳腺癌,值得注意的是中国女性中肺癌发病率为20.4/10万,其肺癌发病率甚至超过了一些女性吸烟率较高的欧洲国家,文章进一步分析该原因可能是因为室内空气污染(使用通风不佳的燃煤灶及厨房油烟)所致,文章所提到的另一些引起肺癌的危险因素包括职业暴露、环境致癌物(石棉,三氧化二砷等)及户外空气污染,研究显示包括中国在内的东亚国家,50%的肺癌死亡率归结于户外小分子颗粒物的吸入。文章还指出,肺癌的发生率及趋势的全球变化,主要反应了各国家间烟草流行的程度和时间先后,在一些西方国家,烟草流行的非常早,且高峰发生在上个世纪中期,这些国家的男性肺癌死亡率已经开始下降,女性则保持稳定,而在另一些吸烟流行高峰出现较晚的国家,虽然女性肺癌发病率在增长,但男性的发病率也开始下降,与之相比中国和印度及一些非洲国家吸烟人数仍在增加,刚到或未到高峰,这些国家肺癌的发病率目前几十年内仍会继续增长,因此文章指出,肺癌是最可防治的癌症之一,通过禁烟和降低始吸率可有效降低肺癌的发生,对于肺癌高风险的人群,文章提出螺旋CT能使重度或长期吸烟人群的肺癌死亡率降至16%-20%,但这也存在高比率的假阳性,多次CT检查放射量积累及不必要的活检、手术等不足,同时文章也表明筛查后更需要后续有效的治疗手段,因此在医疗资源匮乏的国家推行肺癌筛查,可能并不能因此获益。

目前肺癌发病率和死亡率逐年上升,虽然肺癌的治疗方式愈加进步,总生存率不断提高,但大量耗费的医疗、财政资源不容小觑,因此预防肺癌的发生比治疗更加重要,在美国由于采取综合的烟草控制措施,一些州如加利福尼亚、纽约,其肺癌的发生率明显下降,将来,相信随着人民健康意识的提高及相关烟草政策的出台,肺癌此时的第一,仅仅是兔子的尾巴。

原始出处:
Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J, Jemal A.Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin. 2015 Feb 4. doi: 10.3322/caac.21262.

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    2015-05-16 ljjj1053

    很不错学习了

    0

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    2015-02-28 KarenCui

    很多人都是得病的时候才知道戒烟,吸烟何止导致肺癌啊,哎

    0

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    2015-02-25 bonniekim

    谁都知道烟草和大气污染对肺癌发生的重要性,但对目前的中国来说,经济还是首位

    0

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    2015-02-24 MedSci客户端网友

    时隔4年后再次发表……

    0

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    2015-02-22 orthoW

    不错的文章,学习了

    0

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    2015-02-19 xugumin
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    2015-02-18 qyiiii

    最新数据赞

    0

  9. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=23694, encodeId=9cab2369495, content=很不错学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=ac181616815, createdName=ljjj1053, createdTime=Sat May 16 19:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=17209, encodeId=c8bb1e20902, content=很多人都是得病的时候才知道戒烟,吸烟何止导致肺癌啊,哎, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=113, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cf391616030, createdName=KarenCui, createdTime=Sat Feb 28 09:26:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16985, encodeId=60da16985c3, content=谁都知道烟草和大气污染对肺癌发生的重要性,但对目前的中国来说,经济还是首位, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0ee11615798, createdName=bonniekim, createdTime=Wed Feb 25 10:17:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16819, encodeId=85c116819d6, content=时隔4年后再次发表……, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=119, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=MedSci客户端网友, createdTime=Tue Feb 24 10:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16711, encodeId=f6a916e112a, content=不错的文章,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=185, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2fb1607679, createdName=orthoW, createdTime=Sun Feb 22 09:24:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1411227, encodeId=1fd5141122e8c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=91e96538eee' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#流行病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=22, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65387, encryptionId=91e96538eee, topicName=流行病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=30bd35, createdName=xugumin, createdTime=Thu Feb 19 13:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1423781, encodeId=52c71423e81a8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=abfd6539566' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#流行病学调查#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=65395, encryptionId=abfd6539566, topicName=流行病学调查)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8e886, createdName=仁者大医, createdTime=Thu Feb 19 13:46:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16348, encodeId=f5a8163489b, content=最新数据赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f2751608595, createdName=qyiiii, createdTime=Wed Feb 18 08:17:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16325, encodeId=d4d916325ef, content=中国很悲哀呀, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=49.4.167.**, createdTime=Tue Feb 17 22:59:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-17 49.4.167.**

    中国很悲哀呀

    0

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