Nature:中国进行全球CRISPR技术人体应用,治疗肺癌

2016-11-16 佚名 药明康德

今年7月,《自然》杂志曾报道成都的四川大学华西医院有望率先将CRISPR基因编辑技术应用到人体。今日,《自然》杂志进行了后续报道,并确认全球首个CRISPR技术的人体应用已在中国启动。CRISPR基因编辑技术是近年生物技术领域的热点。在科研领域,它已展现了巨大的潜力,并帮助科学家们建立了一个个不同的疾病模型,让我们了解特定基因的重要性。自然而然,科研人员下一步关注的,就是能否将这一革命性的技术应用

今年7月,《自然》杂志曾报道成都的四川大学华西医院有望率先将CRISPR基因编辑技术应用到人体。今日,《自然》杂志进行了后续报道,并确认全球首个CRISPR技术的人体应用已在中国启动。


CRISPR基因编辑技术是近年生物技术领域的热点。在科研领域,它已展现了巨大的潜力,并帮助科学家们建立了一个个不同的疾病模型,让我们了解特定基因的重要性。自然而然,科研人员下一步关注的,就是能否将这一革命性的技术应用于人体。



Carl June教授的推动下,美国批准CRISPR技术用于人体基因编辑(图片来源:MIT Technology Review)


今年6月,NIH下属的重组DNA咨询委员会分析了CRISPR技术的潜力、安全性、以及潜在的伦理问题后,一致批准它应用于人体。这意味着美国正式批准CRISPR技术用于人体基因编辑。而正当许多人看好美国将首次把这项技术应用于人体之际,四川大学华西医院宣布已于7月初通过了长达半年的伦理审批,有望在8月正式开展人体试验。这比宾州大学以及Editas公司预期在今年年底或明年年初进行的临床试验要来得更早。


今日《自然》杂志的报道则证实华西医院的卢铀教授团队已开启了全球首个CRISPR技术的人体应用。这项临床试验的招募对象是患有非小细胞肺癌,且癌症已经发生扩散,化疗、放疗及其他治疗手段均已无效的患者。按计划,卢铀教授的团队从招募的患者体内分离出T细胞,并利用CRISPR技术对这些细胞进行基因编辑,敲除这些细胞中抑制免疫功能的PD-1基因,并在体外进行细胞扩增。当细胞达到一定量后,卢铀教授的团队将它们输回患者体内,并希望它们能对肿瘤进行杀伤。



本项目的负责人,华西医院卢铀教授(图片来源:华西医院)


根据今日的《自然》杂志报道,由于患者招募花去了一些时间,细胞培养耗时的时间也久于预期,外加十月是国庆长假,这项原定于8月开启的临床试验,在10月份才正式启动。10月28日,首名患者接受了这些经CRISPR技术改造的T细胞的治疗。


卢铀教授在接受《自然》杂志采访时说这次治疗进展得很顺利,患者也即将接受第二次注射。考虑到患者的隐私,卢铀教授没有透露更多的治疗细节。接下来,研究团队计划治疗共10名患者,他们每人将接受2-4次注射。


与今年7月透露的信息一致,本次临床试验的主要目的是检验这项疗法的安全性。这些参与试验的患者将得到长达半年的密切监护,以了解此项疗法是否能对这些“无药可治”的患者带来益处,又是否会产生严重的副作用。



帕勒莫大学的Antonio Russo教授对这一进展表示振奋(图片来源:oggisalute)


一些肿瘤学家对CRISPR技术进入到癌症治疗领域感到振奋。“这是一个非常令人兴奋的策略”,意大利帕勒莫大学的Antonio Russo教授对《自然》杂志说。在他看来,目前能抑制PD-1的抗体已经在肺癌中取得了很好的疗效。此次CRISPR技术的应用也有望取得积极结果。


与此同时,另一些科学家则保持了谨慎的乐观。同样是在《自然》杂志的采访中,哥伦比亚大学医学中心的Naiyer Rizvi教授表示和现有的抗体疗法相比,目前利用CRISPR技术敲除PD-1基因的方法可能会遇到T细胞扩增上的瓶颈,从而限制它的潜力。卢铀教授则表示目前还无法比较两者的优劣。


这段时间,我们听到了许多关于肺癌治疗的新进展:KEYTRUDA获得美国FDA批准,用于一线治疗非小细胞肺癌;我国的创新“海南模式”也让这款重磅新药进入中国,造福中国患者;此外,美国FDA也批准了基因泰克的TECENTRIQ用于转移性非小细胞肺癌的治疗。这些好药新药获批的消息,都给中国乃至全球广大的肺癌患者带来了希望。随着生物技术的不断发展,我们期待能有更多创新疗法问世,让人类能够早日攻克癌症!


原始出处:

[1] CRISPR gene-editing tested in a person for the first time
[2] 一致通过!CRISPR获批用于人体基因编辑
[3] 重磅!中国科学家有望开展全球首个CRISPR人体试验,治疗肺癌

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    2017-07-12 liye789132251
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    2016-11-20 studylzc

    值得尝试。

    0

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    2016-11-20 susice

    高大上的东东,离我有点远

    0

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    2016-11-17 虈亣靌

    讲得好学习啊

    0

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