Nat Bio Engineering:为了实时监测体内药物剂量,科学家们想到“智能化”

2017-05-12 Flora 生物探索

5月10日,Nature子刊《Nature Biomedical Engineering》在线发表一篇文章,揭示了一种“智能化”药物监测和输送系统,它能够轻松化解“控制个体药量”的难题。研究团队证实,这一技术能够持续调节动物体内的化疗药物水平。

不同的人,对酒精、咖啡的耐受程度不同,所以常会出现千杯不醉和滴酒就倒的大反差。对于药物而言,同样也存在鲜明的个体差异,甚至于一个人的最佳药量可能会导致其他人因为过量而致死。所以,如何精准评估个体的最适剂量对于安全治疗很关键,例如化疗、胰岛素注射等等。

5月10日,Nature子刊《Nature Biomedical Engineering》在线发表一篇文章,揭示了一种“智能化”药物监测和输送系统,它能够轻松化解“控制个体药量”的难题。研究团队证实,这一技术能够持续调节动物体内的化疗药物水平。

这一新型药物输送工具由斯坦福大学的电气工程师H. Tom Soh及博士后Peter Mage带领团队完成。“该技术首次实现了实时控制药物剂量的目标。这是一个新概念,有着广阔的应用前景。” H. Tom Soh表示道。

“智能化”药物监测和输送系统

这一新型系统由3个部分组成:一个实时的生物传感器,能够实现对血液中药物剂量的持续监测;一个软件系统,能够计算身体实际所需的药量;一个可编程泵,用于释放足够的药物。

其中,生物传感器包含有研究团队专门设计的配体,它们负责与药物特异性结合。当药物分子进入血液循环,配体会与之结合并改变自己的构型。药物分子越多,改变形状的配体越多。传感器会检测到这一变化,并将信号实时传递给软件系统,它负责计算药量并控制药泵,使其释放所需的药物。

研究团队将这一技术称为“闭环系统”:实时监测、实时调整药量。



智能化药物输送系统的一部分原型:它负责检测血液中药物分子的水平。

在动物体内验证

为了检测该技术的可行性,研究团队以动物为模型,以化疗药物阿霉素为监测对象,进行了相关试验。即便动物个体存在生理、代谢差异,但是这一技术却能够将它们体内的化药剂量控制在稳定水平。这是现有药物输送系统不能做到的。

与此同时,研究人员加入第二种药物,以便检测药物与药物之间互作对新型设备的影响。结果显示,该设备依然能够稳定检测并维持阿霉素处于安全水平。

研究团队计划将这一系统“小型化”,以便能够植入患者体内或者便于其随身佩戴。目前,该技术还停留在外部设备上,有点类似于一个“智能”的静脉点滴。生物传感器大小类似于一个显微镜玻片大小,且只适用于化疗药物,不能持续使用。

下一步

医生们已经知道,相同的药物在不同的患者身上可能会产生不同的效果。同时,服用一种以上药物可能会面临意想不到的药物互作。但是迄今为止,我们并没有很好的对策。

如果这一技术能够很好地应用于患者身上,那么它将产生很大的影响。Soh表示:“举个例子,如果我们不仅仅能够检测、控制血糖水平,还可以控制胰岛素、胰高血糖素的水平,那么对于糖尿病患者而言意味着更安全、有效的治疗。”借助于这一技术,科学家们可以创建一个电子系统,重塑Ⅰ型糖尿病患者缺陷胰腺的功能。

这些美好的畅想需要投入更大规模、更多时间的尝试,以确保该技术能够安全、有效的应用于临床。但是,研究人员相信,它将推进个性化医疗向前迈进一大步!

Soh 强调:“监测、控制患者实际需要的药物剂量,这对于实现个性化治疗很有必要。”他认为,该技术有望帮助儿童癌症患者,因为它们的新陈代谢系统与成年人不同。

原始出处:

P. L. Mage, B. S. Ferguson,et al.Closed-loop control of circulating drug levels in live animals.Nature Biomedical Engineering.

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    2017-07-08 zhaojie88
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    2018-01-10 liye789132251
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    2018-04-18 sunylz

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