EBioMedicine:治疗儿童川崎病的药物干预

2022-04-05 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

日本于1967年首次报道,KD的患病率在全球范围内有所增加,从每100,000名儿童中的3.4-218.6人上升。如果不及时治疗,高达25%的KD儿童会发展为持续的冠状动脉病变,包括冠状动脉动脉瘤。

背景:川崎病(KD)是一种主要影响婴儿的急性炎症性脉管炎,是儿童获得性心血管疾病的主要原因。日本于1967年首次报道,KD的患病率在全球范围内有所增加,从每100,000名儿童中的3.4-218.6人上升。如果不及时治疗,高达25%的KD儿童会发展为持续的冠状动脉病变,包括冠状动脉动脉瘤。这些儿童可能发展为冠状动脉血栓、狭窄、心肌缺血、缺血性心律失常,甚至猝死。在先前的一项有限研究中(n=261),在40岁以下因疑似心肌缺血而接受冠状动脉造影术的成年人中,5%的人有继发于KD的动脉瘤,这是冠心病的原因

为了减少严重的心脏后遗症,KD的治疗引起了人们对儿童健康的主要关注。虽然大多数KD患者受益于静脉注射免疫球蛋白(IVIG)联合乙酰水杨酸(ASA)的标准治疗,但仍有20%的儿童发生冠状动脉扩张,5%进展为冠状动脉动脉瘤。此外,约10%-20%的KD患者对常规治疗耐药,出现持续或复发的发热,并有较高的后续冠状动脉疾病风险。

已经提出了几种治疗策略来解决IVIG抵抗、复发性发热和伴随的冠状动脉病变(CALS)的较高风险之间的关系的问题,包括辅助性皮质类固醇治疗、抗肿瘤坏死因子(TNFa)单抗、和辅助克拉霉素治疗。此外,以前的成对荟萃分析主要集中在皮质类固醇作为辅助或抢救疗法的疗效上。然而,关于皮质类固醇不良反应发生率的现有数据不足,安全性问题仍然存在。很少有面对面的研究比较了除常规治疗外不同方案治疗KD的疗效。

目的:为了阐明这些问题,我们对随机对照试验进行了系统的回顾和网络荟萃分析(NMA),调查了各种药物方案作为初始或抢救辅助治疗预防冠状动脉病变(CAL)的有效性和安全性,以及它们缩短发热持续时间的能力。

方法:应用计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Science Direct、ProQuest、ClinicalTrials.gov、ClinicalKey、Cochrane Central和Web of Science,对随机对照试验(RCTs)进行NMA。主要结果是发热持续时间缩短/发热严重程度减轻、消退。KD的初始阶段被定义为治疗KD患者的第一阶段;KD的难治期代表对标准KD治疗无效的KD患者。静脉注射免疫球蛋白(IVIG)的界值分为低(100~400 mg)、中(1g)和高(至少2g)。

结果:共纳入56个随机对照试验,6486名参与者。NMA显示,与大剂量IVIG+阿司匹林相比,中剂量IVIG+阿司匹林+英夫利昔单抗[平均差=1.76天(95%可信区间(95%CI):-3.65~0.13天])的发热持续时间最短;同样,中剂量IVIG+阿司匹林+英夫利昔单抗[优势比(OR)=0.50,95%CI:0.18±1.37与大剂量IVIG+阿司匹林相比]在KD初期冠状动脉病变(CAL)发生率最低。难治期KD患者中,大剂量IVIG+脉冲类固醇治疗(OR=0.04,95%CI:0.00±0.43与大剂量IVIG相比)退热率最高,而大剂量IVIG+环孢素[OR=0.05(95%CI:0.00±1.21)与大剂量IVIG相比]CAL发生率最低。难治期KD患者英夫利昔单抗与大剂量IVIG组相比,分辨率显著提高(OR=0.20,95%CI:0.07±0.62)。

图1 (1a)初期发热持续时间缩短,(2b)难治期退热失败率。描述了当前网络的总体网络结构--(1a)在川崎病的初始治疗中通过不同干预措施缩短发烧时间(n=36篇文章,有8个单独治疗分支)和(1b)在川崎病难治性治疗中通过不同干预措施退热率(n=7篇,有6个单独治疗分支)的荟萃分析。节点之间的线代表各种试验中的直接比较,每个圆圈的大小与每个特定处理所涉及的种群大小成比例。线路的厚度与连接到网络的试验次数成正比。

图2 (1)缩短初期发热持续时间;(2)难治期退热失败率。

结论:NMA证实,在标准的IVIG和阿司匹林治疗的基础上,联合用药可能在缩短急性KD患者的发热时间和降低CAL发生率方面有额外的作用。此外,大剂量丙种球蛋白联合激素或环孢素治疗可提高难治性KD患儿的退热率,降低CAL的发生率。由于NMA的一些发现应该被认为是假设生成而不是验证性的,因此需要来自从头开始的随机试验的进一步证据来支持我们的结果。

原文出处:  Lei WT,  Chang LS,  Zeng BY,et al.Pharmacologic interventions for Kawasaki disease in children: A network meta-analysis of 56 randomized controlled trials.EBioMedicine 2022 Mar 16;78

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    2022-07-31 jeanqiuqiu
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    2023-01-30 kalseyzl
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    2022-04-19 sunylz
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    2022-09-06 linagood
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