ASCO 2022:粪便or血液检查?结直肠癌筛查哪个更精准?

2022-06-02 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

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美国联邦医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心(CMS)建议,对年龄在 50-85 岁人群,每3年应该进行一次结直肠癌 (CRC) 筛查,并涵盖血液生物标志物检测。血液检测是一种非侵入性、无创筛查方法,但因检测腺瘤的敏感性低而受到限制。

为了验证粪便和血液检测,在结直肠癌筛查的敏感性,研究人员使用CRC-AIM微观模拟模型,比较了符合CMS最低门槛的血液检测和基于粪便的筛查检测,包括粪便免疫化学检测(FIT)、粪便隐血检测(FOBT)和多目标粪便DNAmt-sDNA),所获得的预测寿命年数(LYG)和CRC发病率和死亡率。

根据 USPSTF 的建议,对40岁时没有确诊的CRC的人群,在45-75岁时接受筛查的平均风险人群模拟了血液和粪便检测的结果。根据 CMS 提出的标准,血液检测 CRC 的敏感性和特异性分别设定为 74% 90%,而腺瘤敏感性为 10%。每种粪便检测都使用已公布的腺瘤和 CRC 敏感性和特异性。在主要分析中,假设依从性为 100%。次要分析中,坚持率被设定为30-70%,以10%递增。结果以每1000人计算。

结果显示,在100%的依从性下,血检的LYG229,粪检的LYG≥305,相对于所有粪检,血检的LYG至少低25%与所有粪便检测相比,血液检测的绝对 CRC 发病率和死亡率分别降低了至少 19% 18%次要分析表明,在低于 100% 的相同依从率的情况下,血液测试的 LYG 低于所有粪便测试当依从性为 50%–70% 时,与任何粪便测试相比,血液测试导致 LYG 至少降低 20%CRC 发病率和死亡率分别至少降低 9% 10%

总之,该研究表明,如果基于血液检测的 CRC 筛查测试不能充分检测到晚期腺瘤,不如基于粪便检测。未来,需要进一步研究,来提升血液检测的精准度。

原始出处

A. Fendrick, Vahab Vahdat, Jing Voon Chen, David A. Lieberman, Jordan J. Karlitz, Paul J. Limburg, A. Burak Ozbay, John B. Kisiel.Comparison of simulated outcomes between stool- and blood-based colorectal cancer screening tests.

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    2023-03-05 quxin068
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    2022-06-03 Homburg

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