PLoS Genet:GWAS查找细菌耐药的遗传学原因

2014-08-13 王英 生物通

最近,研究人员开发出一种强大的新工具,来识别抗生素耐药性致病菌中的遗传变化。这种技术所得到的结果,可在未来十年内应用于临床,决定肺炎和脑膜炎这类疾病的最有效治疗方法。相关研究结果发表在2014年8月7日的PLOS Genetics杂志。[pdf free] 研究小组着眼于肺炎链球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae)的基因组,这种细菌每年导致全球160

最近,研究人员开发出一种强大的新工具,来识别抗生素耐药性致病菌中的遗传变化。这种技术所得到的结果,可在未来十年内应用于临床,决定肺炎和脑膜炎这类疾病的最有效治疗方法。相关研究结果发表在2014年8月7日的PLOS Genetics杂志。[pdf free]

研究小组着眼于肺炎链球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae)的基因组,这种细菌每年导致全球160万人死亡。此项研究在同类之中是最详细的,在研究中,科学家们使用全基因组关联研究(GWAS),来查找细菌DNA编码中的单字母变化,这种变化能使它逃避抗生素的治疗。

尽管十年来GWAS已被用于识别人类的基因功能,直到现在我们也不可能对细菌DNA使用该项技术。

本文第一作者、威康基金会桑格研究所的Claire Chewapreecha指出:“这项研究结果非常的有趣。我们第一次在大的规模上看到,能使细菌(如肺炎链球菌)对我们的疗法和控制产生抵抗的致病突变。我们开始看到,这将有助于我们在不久的将来,开发出更有效的治疗策略。”

GWAS研究搜索整个基因组,查找单个DNA变化与生物体属性(如抗生素耐药性)有关的位点。要出现这种情况,就必须发生一个称为重组的遗传交换过程。这是两段DNA序列结合、交换遗传数据和重排单一变化组合的部位。由于重组(在人类中是很常见的)在细菌中很罕见,所以在这之前,研究人员无法定位构成一个基因的碱基序列中的单个变化。直到现在,才有可能定位一般区域,在这些区域中,变化发生在所谓的镶嵌基因(包含来自多个菌株的遗传学数据)中。

为了克服这个障碍,研究人员使用最丰富的肺炎链球菌可用数据集,由玛希隆牛津热带医学研究部门的儿科医生Claudia Turner博士和临床微生物学家Paul Turner博士收集。研究人员从缅甸和泰国边境一个难民营的近1000名婴儿和母亲中,分离出3000多种肺炎链球菌的样本数据集,可提供足够的重组事件,为研究人员提供了关于引起耐药性的位点变化的精确数据。

第二组隔离菌群(几百个)是从马萨诸塞州收集,作为项目的一部分,旨在评估疫苗对2001年引入美国的肺炎链球菌的影响。

本文资深作者Stephen Bentley教授称:“在这项研究中,我们已经表明,这种强大的遗传工具,改变了我们对于人类遗传学的理解,可以应用于细菌。这为抗生素耐药性、传播和毒性研究,开辟了新的途径,而以前在细菌基因组学中研究这些方面,被认为是不可能的。”

该研究的下一阶段将包括,调整这项技术,以能够识别细菌中那些使菌株更致命的基因,和那些使菌株在寄主之间传播的基因。随着基因测序进入诊所,这种详细的理解,将会让我们找到更好的控制和治疗策略。

Julian Parkhill教授说:“揭开耐药性背后的所有单字母差异,对于未来用基因组测序预测临床微生物的抗生素敏感性,是至关重要的。GWAS,可让我们能够找出真正的遗传原因,从而能够做到这一点。”

原始出处:

Chewapreecha C1, Marttinen P2, Croucher NJ3, Salter SJ1, Harris SR1, Mather AE1, Hanage WP4, Goldblatt D5, Nosten FH6, Turner C7, Turner P7, Bentley SD8, Parkhill J1.Comprehensive Identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Beta-lactam Resistance within Pneumococcal Mosaic Genes.PLoS Genet. 2014 Aug 7;10(8):e1004547. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004547. eCollection 2014.[pdf free]

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    2015-05-27 江川靖瑶
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    2014-12-26 canlab
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    2015-05-06 cy0324
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    2014-08-15 lxg951
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