Nat Biotechnol:CRISPR系统助力耐药细菌消灭

2014-09-29 韩文雄 编译 中科院微生物研究所

麻省理工学院生物工程和电子工程及计算机科学系副教授Timothy Lu带领的科研团队分别于9月21日和8月11日在Nature Biotechnology和Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences上发表了消除抗药型细菌的新方法。 近年来,新的细菌株系不

麻省理工学院生物工程和电子工程及计算机科学系副教授Timothy Lu带领的科研团队分别于9月21日和8月11日在Nature Biotechnology和Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences上发表了消除抗药型细菌的新方法。

近年来,新的细菌株系不断出现,它们甚至能抵抗最强效的抗生素。在美国,每年有200万人受到包括抗药型结核菌和葡萄球菌在内的超级细菌的感染,至少2.3万人因此丧命。尽管对新的治疗方法有着迫切的需求,过去几十年间研究人员只发现了极少新型抗生素。多数抗生素通过干扰关键性的功能(如细胞分裂或蛋白合成)发挥作用。然而,一些难以对付的细菌,已经进化到无法用现有的药物治疗的程度。

研究人员对这些超级细菌采用了两种强大的新型武器:CRISPR基因编辑系统和CombiGEM遗传扫瞄系统。CRISPR系统包含一组帮助细菌抵抗噬菌体(感染细菌的病毒)的蛋白,其中的DNA剪切酶Cas9与研究人员设计的靶向特定抗药基因(包括编码NDM-1酶、SHV-18以及大肠杆菌种的一个毒力因子的基因)序列的短RNA引导链结合,通过研究人员构建的两种载体(携带CRISPR基因的细菌工程菌和噬菌体颗粒)将其转入细菌中,特异性剪切抗药性和致病性的基因,使之失活,从而选择性地杀死带有有害基因的细菌。经证实,CRISPR能特异性地杀死至少99%的带有NDM-1的细菌。此外,还可以利用CRISPR系统根据遗传标记从多种多样的菌群中选择性清除特定细菌,开辟了“微生物编辑”在抗菌应用之外的潜能。另一种方法CombiGEM通过基因组合发挥协同作用以增加细菌对抗生素的敏感性。研究人员构建了由34,000对编码转录因子的细菌基因组成的基因库,将其转入抗药型细菌中,针对每种抗生素,他们检测出能将靶细菌杀伤效应提高1万至100万倍的基因组合。CombiGEM还可以用三种或者四种基因的组合来进一步提高效力,并用于多因子复杂表型,如干细胞分化、癌症以及合成回路。Lu认为,如果能找到一种安全有效的方法来传递基因,基因本身就能用于治疗。

目前研究人员正在进行CRISPR系统的小鼠实验和CombiGEM基因组合发挥作用的机制研究,以研发和设计新药,解除抗药型细菌带来的日益增长的危机。

原始出处:

Robert J Citorik, Mark Mimee& Timothy K Lu. Sequence-specific antimicrobials using efficiently delivered RNA-guided nucleases.Nature Biotechnology, 21 September 2014; doi:10.1038/nbt.3011


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    2015-05-17 liye789132251
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    2015-03-22 sunylz
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    2014-12-15 cathymary
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    2014-11-13 shock_melon
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    2014-10-01 yuandd