PNAS:天然免疫受体阻断剂研发进展

2015-04-30 佚名 生物谷

TLR是一类I型的跨膜蛋白,可以特异性识别微生物特异性的抗原物质(PAMPs)。TLR-2与TLR-6或TLR-1聚合形成异源二聚体可以分别识别二酰脂多肽或三酰脂多肽。当配体物质与聚合后的TLR1/2以及TLR2/6结合后,会招募下游的接合蛋白MyD88。TLR-2信号的缺陷会导致许多免疫疾病(如脓毒症,动脉粥样硬化,肿瘤扩散等)。目前有许多TLR的抑制剂被开发出来,但是都没有获得批准,因此,

TLR是一类I型的跨膜蛋白,可以特异性识别微生物特异性的抗原物质(PAMPs)。TLR-2与TLR-6或TLR-1聚合形成异源二聚体可以分别识别二酰脂多肽或三酰脂多肽。当配体物质与聚合后的TLR1/2以及TLR2/6结合后,会招募下游的接合蛋白MyD88。TLR-2信号的缺陷会导致许多免疫疾病(如脓毒症,动脉粥样硬化,肿瘤扩散等)。目前有许多TLR的抑制剂被开发出来,但是都没有获得批准,因此,要想治疗这一类疾病,就必须对TLR2的信号传递机制做更深入的研究。

TLR以及接合蛋白都含有一个TIR结构域(即Toll/IL-1 resistant)该结构域介导了TLR的相互聚合以及下游的信号传递。基于最近的结构学研究:TLR2的TIR结构域中有一个由beta-链与alpha-螺旋组成的"口袋"状结构(BB loop),这一段多肽由相对保守的脯氨酸与甘氨酸组成。来自马里兰大学免疫系的Stefanie N. Vogel等人希望以这一段区域为靶点设计TLR-2特异性的阻断剂,他们的研究结果发表在最近一期的PNAS杂志上。
 
首先,作者利用计算机辅助的方法,针对BB loop区删选了所有可能插入的小分子化合物以及已经上市的药物。他们筛选到了1000多种有可能会该区域发生互作的潜在分子,其中有149种小分子化合物以及20种上市药物具有高效的TLR-2信号阻断活性。
 
之后,作者将筛选到的化合物进行体外试验。这些药物分别与转染了TLR-2的HEK293细胞进行孵育,随后细胞经过TLR2配体的刺激并检测下游的IL-8的表达。结果显示,第C29号化合物能够有效地抑制配体引起的HEK293细胞IL-18的分泌。随后,作者在人源的单核细胞系THP-1中验证了上述结果。接下来,作者检测了该药物对小鼠的TLR-2信号的阻断效应。结果显示,C29能够有效地抑制TLR-1/2的信号传递,但不能抑制TLR2/6的信号传递。
 
另外,作者还发现该药物还能够抑制微生物本身引起的TLR2的信号传递。
 
随后,作者通过生化实验发现C29能够抑制TLR-2激活后与下游MyD88的相互作用。并且C29能够抑制MAPK p38以及ERK的磷酸化。
 
那么C29是否是特异性针对BB-loop区的多肽序列呢?作者设计了一系列BB-loop突变试验,不幸的是,这些突变本身就会使得TLR-1/2的信号失活,因此无法通过这一手段证明C29的特异性。不过至少这一实验证明了BB LOOP区结构对于TLR-1/2的信号传递是至关重要的。
 
接下来作者证明了C29的一类衍生分子,C29L具有相似的效应。
 
最后,作者通过体内实验也证明了C29L能够抑制TLR-2生物活性的结论。

原始出处:

Pragnesh Mistrya, Michelle H. W. Lairda, Ryan S. Schwarza, Shannon Greeneb, Tristan Dysona, Greg A. Snyderc, Tsan Sam Xiaod, Jay Chauhanb, Steven Fletcherb, Vladimir Y. Toshchakova, Alexander D. MacKerell, Jr.b,1, and Stefanie N. Vogela,1.Inhibition of TLR2 signaling by small molecule inhibitors targeting a pocket within the TLR2 TIR domain. PNAS, April 28, 2015, 112(17):5455–5460. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1422576112

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    2015-10-10 drwjr
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    2015-05-02 lqvr
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