AGING CELL:喜欢高糖饮食?自噬蛋白p62帮助你降低健康风险

2020-11-07 haibei MedSci原创

美国人习惯消费的是非常高血糖的饮食,而且全世界消费这些饮食的趋势正在增加。与食用这种高血糖饮食相关的是,许多主要的年龄相关衰弱的风险显著增加

美国人习惯消费的是非常高血糖的饮食,而且全世界消费这些饮食的趋势正在增加。与食用这种高血糖饮食相关的是,许多主要的年龄相关衰弱的风险显著增加,包括血管疾病(CVD)、糖尿病、年龄相关的黄斑变性(AMD)、某些形式的白内障和神经退行性疾病,如阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病。
令人震惊的是,由于摄入高血糖饮食而增加的疾病风险与吸烟产生的风险相当。相反,食用低血糖饮食与其中一些疾病的进展较慢有关。这些数据表明,改用低血糖饮食可以降低患几种严重疾病的风险,带来巨大的个人和公共健康效益。低血糖饮食的有益作用可能有哪些机制?

已有的研究显示,糖尿病和代谢综合征与典型的美国高血糖饮食有关,并导致高水平的晚期糖化终产物(AGEs)的积累,特别是在衰老后。当糖类或其代谢物与蛋白质发生反应时,就会形成AGEs。AGEs在许多组织中积累,并具有细胞毒性,与许多与年龄相关的疾病有关。
迄今为止,用药理学方法限制糖化的努力在人体试验中都失败了。因此,确定去除AGEs的机制是至关重要的,但这种研究目前还比较少。
最近,研究人员在AGING CELL杂志发文,其确定了AGEs是否以及如何通过自噬来清除。在小鼠和C.elegans体内模型中,以及五种细胞模型中,研究人员改变了蛋白质分解或糖类负担,揭示了p62依赖的自噬是一种保守的途径,在清除AGEs中起着关键作用。

自噬清除AGEs的激活需要p62,阻断这一途径会导致AGEs的积累和生存能力受损。p62的缺乏会加速AGEs在可溶性和不溶性组分中的积累,p62本身也会受到糖化失活的影响,并以高质量物种的形式积累。
p62在视网膜色素上皮细胞中的积累可通过改用低糖饮食而逆转。
由于糖化损伤的减弱与年龄相关疾病风险的降低有关,包括年龄相关黄斑变性、心血管疾病、糖尿病、阿尔茨海默氏症和帕金森氏症,因此,研究人员发现限制AGEs或增强p62依赖性自噬的方法为治疗AGEs相关病症提供了新的潜在治疗靶点。

原始出处:
Gemma Aragonès et al. Autophagic receptor p62 protects against glycation‐derived toxicity and enhances viability. AGING CELL 2020, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.13257

 

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