Nature:重磅!我国科学家发现星形胶质细胞转移线粒体到受损的神经元中

2016-08-02 佚名 生物谷

在一项新的研究中,来自中国首都医科大学宣武医院和美国麻省总医院/哈佛医学院的研究人员发现当小鼠大脑中的神经元遭受线粒体损伤时,星形胶质细胞释放自身的一些线粒体来帮助修复它们。这种线粒体释放是由一种需要CD38和环腺苷二磷酸核糖(cyclic ADP ribose, cADPR)参与的钙离子依赖性机制调节的。相关研究结果发表在2016年7月28日那期Nature期刊上,论文标题为“Transfer

在一项新的研究中,来自中国首都医科大学宣武医院和美国麻省总医院/哈佛医学院的研究人员发现当小鼠大脑中的神经元遭受线粒体损伤时,星形胶质细胞释放自身的一些线粒体来帮助修复它们。这种线粒体释放是由一种需要CD38和环腺苷二磷酸核糖(cyclic ADP ribose, cADPR)参与的钙离子依赖性机制调节的。相关研究结果发表在2016年7月28日那期Nature期刊上,论文标题为“Transfer of mitochondria from astrocytes to neurons after stroke”。


星形胶质细胞包围着神经元,给后者提供隔绝和支持。之前的研究已证实神经元释放出受损的线粒体,并将它们转移到星形胶质细胞中进行处理和回收,这意味着星形胶质细胞参与清除受损的线粒体。4年前,美国哥伦比亚大学的一个团队开展实验,结果表明骨髓干细胞提供线粒体给受损的肺细胞而有助后者恢复。

在这项新的研究中,研究人员想要知道这种相同的情形是够可能也适用于星形胶质细胞和神经元。为此,他们开展一系列测试旨在查明星形胶质细胞是否释放线粒体,如果确实如此的话,那么它是否有助恢复受损神经元的健康。

研究人员对小鼠进行基因改造,从而使得它们过量地产生一种被称作CD38的信号酶。他们随后发现当将小鼠星形胶质细胞与受损的神经元混合在一起时,它们将自身的一些线粒体驱逐出去,而这些神经元能够吸附这些驱逐出来的线粒体中的一些。

下一步就是发现这种相同的情形是否真正地在活的动物体内发生。研究人员为此让小鼠遭受脑损伤,然后将他们收集到的来自星形胶质细胞的线粒体注射到损伤位点,显微镜分析证实受损的神经元确实吸附线粒体,也因此,这些神经元要比未接受线粒体注射的受损神经元更加健康。

研究人员也想知道CD38信号是否是这个修复过程发挥作用所必需的。为此,他们将干扰CD38功能的小干扰RNA(siRNA)注射到小鼠体内,结果发现相比于没有接受这些干扰物质注射的那些小鼠而言,它们的神经元更少地吸附星形胶质细胞释放出的线粒体,这提示着CD38是这个修复过程必不可少的一部分。

这些结果提示着中风患者可能受益于CD38注射或者导致人体产生它的药物治疗,但是研究人员也迅速指出这种蛋白在全身都是非常活跃的,这意味着这类治疗可能导致大量未知的副作用。尽管还需更多研究,但是这些研究确实为治疗这些损伤和可能诸如帕金森病之类的疾病提供希望。

原始出处

Kazuhide Hayakawa, Elga Esposito, Xiaohua Wang, Yasukazu Terasaki, Yi Liu, Changhong Xing, Xunming Ji & Eng H. Lo.Transfer of mitochondria from astrocytes to neurons after stroke Nature.2016

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    2016-10-15 优质青年

    有点意思啊

    0

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    2016-12-18 仁心济世
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    2016-08-04 zz72
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    2016-08-03 为啥子

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