JCEM:恩格列净和肾结石风险降低:SGLT2抑制的潜在新作用?

2022-03-26 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

肾结石是一种常见疾病,估计全球患病率高达15%。在过去的几十年里,这一比率正在上升,这可能是饮食和生活方式变化的结果。

背景:肾结石是一种常见疾病,估计全球患病率高达15%。在过去的几十年里,这一比率正在上升,这可能是饮食和生活方式变化的结果。在发生过第一次肾结石之后,复发率很高,高达50%的患者未来会经历第二次发作。肾结石会对肾功能造成负面影响,并与慢性肾脏疾病的风险增加有关。在联合王国,估计的年度支出可能高达3.24亿,而在美国,这一数字接近100亿美元。因此,越来越需要有效的预防战略。

    2型糖尿病(T2D)是众所周知的肾结石的危险因素。虽然这两种情况之间的联系还不完全清楚,但代谢综合征胰岛素抵抗患者的高尿酸血症可能起到关键作用。钠-葡萄糖共转运体2(SGLT2)抑制剂是一类较新的降糖药物,在涉及T2D患者以及心力衰竭和慢性肾脏疾病患者的大型临床试验中被证明具有显著的心血管(CV)和肾脏益处,无论糖尿病状态如何。最近,在一项涉及24,290名服用SGLT2抑制剂的T2D患者的观察性研究中,Kristensen等人报告称,与使用GLP-1受体激动剂(RA)的患者相比,发生肾结石的显著危险比(HR)为0.51(95% CI 0.37,0.71),复发肾结石的显著危险比(HR)为0.68(95%可信区间0.48,0.97)。这些数据虽然具有挑衅性,但完全是回溯性的,因此可能容易产生偏见。因此,我们试图利用随机对照临床试验中的现有数据来检验肾结石疾病与SGLT2抑制剂的使用之间的联系。

目的:糖尿病是肾结石的危险因素。最近的一项观察性研究发现,与GLP-1受体激动剂相比,二型糖尿病(T2D)患者使用SGLT2抑制剂与肾结石风险降低49%相关。我们利用随机临床试验的现有数据,研究了肾结石和SGLT2抑制剂恩格列净之间的关系。

方法:我们收集了15,081名T2D患者的数据,这些患者被随机分配到恩格列净组(n=10,177)或安慰剂组(n=4,904),这些数据来自20个I-IV期试验,包括大CV结局试验,EMPA-REG结局试验。使用预先定义的MedRA术语收集肾结石事件。还使用较窄的定义进行了敏感性分析。发生率比(IRR)和95%可信区间(CI)是使用相对风险估计值计算的,通过研究进行分层。

结果:研究药物的中位暴露天数分别为543天(安慰剂)和549天(安慰剂)。183名患者在随访期间发生了肾结石(安慰剂79例,恩格列净104例),两组的年发病率分别为1.01和0.63事件/100患者年。其IRR为0.64(95%CI为0.48,0.86)。在敏感性分析中,结果相似(IRR,0.62[95%CI 0.45,0.85])。

表 安慰剂组和恩格列净组患者在随访期间发生肾结石的基线患者特征

图:在15081名2型糖尿病患者中,恩格列净与安慰剂治疗尿路结石的发病率比率。

结论:与安慰剂相比,在T2D患者中,恩格列净治疗与降低约40%的尿路结石事件风险相关。潜在的机制尚不清楚,但可能涉及改变尿液的结石形成模式。需要进行专门的随机前瞻性临床试验,以在患有和不患有T2D的患者中证实这些初步观察结果。

原文出处:Balasubramanian P,  Wanner C,  Ferreira JP,et al.Empagliflozin and decreased risk of nephrolithiasis: A potential new role for SGLT2 inhibition?J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022 Mar 15

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    2022-11-30 tulenzi
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    2022-11-28 smallant2015
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    2022-10-07 achengzhao
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1820749, encodeId=ed301820e4935, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0c6a1009105e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#风险降低#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100910, encryptionId=0c6a1009105e, topicName=风险降低)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fd18451, createdName=xre2008, createdTime=Wed Sep 14 00:58:57 CST 2022, time=2022-09-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1924154, encodeId=f15b19241547f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=794d5803930' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新作用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58039, encryptionId=794d5803930, topicName=新作用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=24a22500182, createdName=1696533704_45270454, createdTime=Fri Mar 25 23:58:57 CST 2022, time=2022-03-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1793874, encodeId=9bd51e93874da, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5a3f1621e7d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SGLT#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16217, encryptionId=5a3f1621e7d, topicName=SGLT)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=54f9127, createdName=tulenzi, createdTime=Wed Nov 30 03:58:57 CST 2022, time=2022-11-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1778209, encodeId=8de21e78209dc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb9610265ed' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#JCEM#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10265, encryptionId=eb9610265ed, topicName=JCEM)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2a4439169927, createdName=smallant2015, createdTime=Mon Nov 28 00:58:57 CST 2022, time=2022-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2063591, encodeId=19af2063591be, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=14fb10264d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#JCE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10264, encryptionId=14fb10264d7, topicName=JCE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e656479, createdName=achengzhao, createdTime=Fri Oct 07 20:58:57 CST 2022, time=2022-10-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1503822, encodeId=7a72150382209, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=60b916226e1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SGLT2#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16226, encryptionId=60b916226e1, topicName=SGLT2)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3afa9693555, createdName=jiekemin, createdTime=Thu Mar 24 09:58:57 CST 2022, time=2022-03-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-03-24 jiekemin

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