Lancet:神药阿司匹林不再神奇 可能是没按体重吃?

2018-08-11 吴星 环球医学

2018年7月2日,发表于《Lancet》上的一项随机试验的个体患者数据的分析,考察了阿司匹林对不同体重使用不同剂量情况下的血管事件和癌症风险的影响。

2018年7月2日,发表于《Lancet》上的一项随机试验的个体患者数据的分析,考察了阿司匹林对不同体重使用不同剂量情况下的血管事件和癌症风险的影响。

背景:一个剂量适合所有患者的方法使用阿司匹林仅在长期血管事件的预防中产生适度获益,这可能由于大体型患者的剂量不足和小体型患者剂量过量造成的,这也会影响其他结局。

方法:使用个体患者数据,研究者在阿司匹林初级预防心血管事件的随机试验中,分析了体重(10kg为一度量)和身高(10cm为一度量)对低剂量(≤100mg)和高剂量(300~325mg或≥500mg)阿司匹林的作用的影响。根据年龄、性别和血管风险因素对结果进行分层,并在阿司匹林二级预防卒中试验中予以验证。此外,研究者评估了阿司匹林预防直肠癌或试验所研究的任何癌症20年风险的作用中,身高或体重依赖性是否明显。

结果:阿司匹林一级预防的10项符合要求的试验中(包括117279名参与者),体重具有4倍差异,试验的中位身高范围从60.0kg到81.2kg(P<0.0001)。75~100mg阿司匹林降低心血管事件的能力随着体重的增加而降低(P相互作用=0.0072),体重为50~69kg(风险比[HR],0.75;95% CI,0.65~0.85)而非70kg或以上的参与者(0.95;0.86~1.04;血管死亡为1.09;0.93~1.29)可见该获益。此外,体重为70kg或以上的参与者中,低剂量阿司匹林可增加首次心血管事件的病死率(比值比[OR],1.33;95% CI,1.08~1.64;P=0.0082)。较高剂量的阿司匹林(≥325mg)与体重具有相反的交互作用(差异P交互作用=0.0013),仅在较高体重的参与者中会降低心血管事件(P交互作用=0.017)。男性和女性中、糖尿病患者中、阿司匹林二级预防的试验中、与身高的相关性中,这些结果相似(心血管事件的P交互作用=0.0025)。阿司匹林介导的直肠癌长期风险的降低也是体重依赖性的(P交互作用=0.038)。根据体型进行分层也提示因剂量过量而造成的危害:低体重参与者阿司匹林会增加猝死风险(P交互作用=0.0018);接受75~100mg阿司匹林治疗的体重低于50kg的参与者,全因死亡风险增加(HR,1.52;95% CI,1.04~2.21;P=0.031)。70岁或以上的参与者中,阿司匹林也会增加3年癌症风险(1.20;1.03~1.47;P=0.02),尤其在体重低于70kg(1.31;1.07~1.61;P=0.009)及女性(1.44;1.11~1.87;P=0.0069)参与者中。

结论:低剂量阿司匹林(75~100mg)仅在预防体重低于70kg患者的血管事件上有效,对于80%的体重为70kg或以上的男性和约50%的体重为70kg或以上的女性无获益。相反,高剂量阿司匹林仅在体重为70kg或以上的患者中有效。至于阿司匹林对其他结局的影响,包括癌症,研究显示,该影响也与体型有交互作用,一个剂量适合所有患者地使用阿司匹林不可能是最佳的,并需要更加个体化的策略。

原始出处

Rothwell PM, et al. Effects of aspirin on risks of vascular events and cancer according to bodyweight and dose: analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials. Lancet. 2018 Jul 12. pii: S0140-6736(18)31133-4. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31133-4.

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    2019-01-25 howi
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1829747, encodeId=0e361829e47d0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Fri Jan 25 00:53:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338601, encodeId=f2c933860114, content=阿司匹林, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/04/28/37a322fa6e8be63db9e493f1c35a800a.jpg, createdBy=e5461842402, createdName=llaq, createdTime=Tue Aug 14 22:30:07 CST 2018, time=2018-08-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338188, encodeId=298e33818826, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://login.medsci.cn/upload/avatar/f3d88083d8829740786bed95c22464d1/e325f3af93bb747a620d16c209094d69.jpg, createdBy=9efb2014947, createdName=小小小麦兜, createdTime=Sun Aug 12 20:43:54 CST 2018, time=2018-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=338007, encodeId=f0d033800efd, content=了解一下谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Sun Aug 12 00:21:24 CST 2018, time=2018-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=337995, encodeId=5f8433e99543, content=不错的文章值得推荐一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=04f22055142, createdName=131****2916, createdTime=Sat Aug 11 23:18:58 CST 2018, time=2018-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-08-14 llaq

    阿司匹林

    0

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    2018-08-12 小小小麦兜

    学习了

    0

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    2018-08-12 kafei

    了解一下谢谢

    0

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    2018-08-11 131****2916

    不错的文章值得推荐一下

    0

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