Nat Med:告别扎针痛苦!继“乌龟”药丸后,口服胰岛素又有新突破

2019-10-10 佚名 生物探索

麻省理工学院的工程师与诺和诺德(Novo Nordisk)公司的科学家合作,设计出一种能够携带胰岛素或是其他蛋白质药物的新型药物胶囊。这意味着注射胰岛素或将成为过去,全球超过1亿依赖胰岛素生活的人能够告别扎针痛苦。

对于糖尿病患者而言,注射胰岛素是目前为止最为有效的方法。但由于扎针既痛苦又麻烦,很多糖尿病患者都希望能够拥有更加简单安全的治疗方式,比如口服胰岛素。然而面对肠这个大熔炉,胰岛素在肠中只有被降解的份。

近日,麻省理工学院的工程师与诺和诺德(Novo Nordisk)公司的科学家合作,设计出一种能够携带胰岛素或是其他蛋白质药物的新型药物胶囊。这意味着注射胰岛素或将成为过去,全球超过1亿依赖胰岛素生活的人能够告别扎针痛苦。该研究成果发表在近日《Nature Medicine》杂志上。


麻省理工学院教授Robert Langer博士和Giovanni Traverso教授此前开发了几款新的口服给药策略。之前的研究中,他们找到了一条切实可行的道路,将有效药物制成星型结构的小针包裹在药丸中,这样药物能够在胃中停留几天到几周的时间。

今年早些时候研究者开发出一种指甲盖大小的胶囊,这种胶囊中含有一根由压缩胰岛素制成的小针头。当胶囊抵达胃部,针头就会把药物注射到胃壁。



口服胰岛素胶囊示意图 图片来源:参考资料

胃部注射仍有痛觉怎么破?转战小肠

然而,在胃部注射胰岛素会产生痛觉,这并不是研究人员想要达到的效果。于是Traverso教授将目光投向了小肠。大多数的药物都是通过小肠吸收的,一来是因为小肠的表面积非常大(250㎡,约一个网球场的面积),二来人体小肠缺乏痛觉受体。因此选择在小肠内进行无痛觉微注射理论上是可行的。

为了让胶囊到达小肠并进行微注射,研究人员在胶囊上涂上了一种聚合物,这种聚合物可以在酸性环境下存留下来。当胶囊到达小肠时,pH值越高,胶囊就会破裂,胶囊内的三条折叠臂就会弹开。



折叠臂上的微针 图片来源:参考资料

每只折叠臂上都有一小块1毫米长的微针,可以携带胰岛素或其他药物。当折叠臂张开时,它们释放的力量使微小的微针穿透小肠组织的最外层。

担心肠道堵塞?不存在的

注射后针头会溶解并释放药物。这种折叠臂也是研究人员精心设计过的,为了减少肠道堵塞风险,折叠臂在履行完自己使命后便会断裂。

在猪的测试中,研究人员表明,这种30毫米长的胶囊可以有效地输送胰岛素,并立即产生降血糖反应。他们还表明,在应用微针注射后,肠内没有形成阻塞,并且折叠臂被安全地排出。

Robert Langer博士表示:“我们对实验室成员与合作伙伴共同开发的新型口服给药装置的最新成果感到非常满意,我们期待着将来能够为糖尿病患者和其他患者提供帮助。”

其他“口服胰岛素”的新进展

这并不是第一次报道口服胰岛素,此前《Science》杂志曾报道:受乌龟启发,科学家研制出一种能够在胃内壁上注射胰岛素的特殊“胶囊”。

2018年,该团队在《PNAS》期刊上发文揭示了一种可能:将胰岛素包裹在一种特殊的液体中,该液体的粘稠度等同于蜂蜜。

这些创新型技术可能需要数年时间,才能完成安全性和有效性试验。但是一旦获批上市,将会打破一个“百年空白”,为无数患者带来新的治疗选择。

原始出处:

Alex Abramson, Ester Caffarel-Salvador, Vance Soares, et al. A luminal unfolding microneedle injector for oral delivery of macromolecules. Nature Medicine volume 25, pages1512–1518 (2019) .

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883913, encodeId=64b018839131a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Mon Dec 02 21:26:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1750102, encodeId=a99b1e50102be, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be7c8385345' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83853, encryptionId=be7c8385345, topicName=胰岛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a7a536274692, createdName=baoya, createdTime=Mon Nov 25 13:26:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725014, encodeId=acc31e25014b6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9ee758586bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新突破#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58586, encryptionId=9ee758586bb, topicName=新突破)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=792a33728807, createdName=zxxiang, createdTime=Sat Dec 21 03:26:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1420621, encodeId=199714206213a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=787b38232d6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#口服胰岛素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38232, encryptionId=787b38232d6, topicName=口服胰岛素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f19a3601771, createdName=by2010, createdTime=Sat Oct 12 13:26:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1610025, encodeId=01931610025fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Sat Oct 12 13:26:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-12-02 liye789132251
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883913, encodeId=64b018839131a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Mon Dec 02 21:26:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1750102, encodeId=a99b1e50102be, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be7c8385345' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83853, encryptionId=be7c8385345, topicName=胰岛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a7a536274692, createdName=baoya, createdTime=Mon Nov 25 13:26:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725014, encodeId=acc31e25014b6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9ee758586bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新突破#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58586, encryptionId=9ee758586bb, topicName=新突破)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=792a33728807, createdName=zxxiang, createdTime=Sat Dec 21 03:26:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1420621, encodeId=199714206213a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=787b38232d6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#口服胰岛素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38232, encryptionId=787b38232d6, topicName=口服胰岛素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f19a3601771, createdName=by2010, createdTime=Sat Oct 12 13:26:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1610025, encodeId=01931610025fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Sat Oct 12 13:26:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-11-25 baoya
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883913, encodeId=64b018839131a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Mon Dec 02 21:26:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1750102, encodeId=a99b1e50102be, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be7c8385345' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83853, encryptionId=be7c8385345, topicName=胰岛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a7a536274692, createdName=baoya, createdTime=Mon Nov 25 13:26:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725014, encodeId=acc31e25014b6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9ee758586bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新突破#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58586, encryptionId=9ee758586bb, topicName=新突破)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=792a33728807, createdName=zxxiang, createdTime=Sat Dec 21 03:26:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1420621, encodeId=199714206213a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=787b38232d6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#口服胰岛素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38232, encryptionId=787b38232d6, topicName=口服胰岛素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f19a3601771, createdName=by2010, createdTime=Sat Oct 12 13:26:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1610025, encodeId=01931610025fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Sat Oct 12 13:26:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-12-21 zxxiang
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883913, encodeId=64b018839131a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Mon Dec 02 21:26:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1750102, encodeId=a99b1e50102be, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be7c8385345' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83853, encryptionId=be7c8385345, topicName=胰岛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a7a536274692, createdName=baoya, createdTime=Mon Nov 25 13:26:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725014, encodeId=acc31e25014b6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9ee758586bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新突破#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58586, encryptionId=9ee758586bb, topicName=新突破)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=792a33728807, createdName=zxxiang, createdTime=Sat Dec 21 03:26:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1420621, encodeId=199714206213a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=787b38232d6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#口服胰岛素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38232, encryptionId=787b38232d6, topicName=口服胰岛素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f19a3601771, createdName=by2010, createdTime=Sat Oct 12 13:26:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1610025, encodeId=01931610025fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Sat Oct 12 13:26:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1883913, encodeId=64b018839131a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Mon Dec 02 21:26:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1750102, encodeId=a99b1e50102be, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be7c8385345' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83853, encryptionId=be7c8385345, topicName=胰岛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a7a536274692, createdName=baoya, createdTime=Mon Nov 25 13:26:00 CST 2019, time=2019-11-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1725014, encodeId=acc31e25014b6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9ee758586bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新突破#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58586, encryptionId=9ee758586bb, topicName=新突破)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=792a33728807, createdName=zxxiang, createdTime=Sat Dec 21 03:26:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1420621, encodeId=199714206213a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=787b38232d6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#口服胰岛素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38232, encryptionId=787b38232d6, topicName=口服胰岛素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f19a3601771, createdName=by2010, createdTime=Sat Oct 12 13:26:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1610025, encodeId=01931610025fc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Sat Oct 12 13:26:00 CST 2019, time=2019-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]

相关资讯

Lancet Diabetes Endo:口服胰岛素I338具有较好的血糖控制效果

口服胰岛素I338对未经治疗的II型糖尿病患者的治疗效果与注射甘精胰岛素相当

口服胰岛素即将展开中国区临床试验

口服胰岛素的百年探索或将交出满意的答卷。一家中国公司近期的动作,可能让关于口服胰岛素的讨论迎来历史性节点:近日,合肥天麦生物和以色列Oramed医药公司共同宣布,胰岛素领域的划时代新药——口服胰岛素胶囊(ORMD-0801)获得中国国家药品监督管理局批准,即将展开中国地区临床试验。这意味着,口服胰岛素,或将正式与广大中国糖尿病患者见面。

JAMA:口服胰岛素到底能不能延缓糖尿病发生?

开发口服胰岛素的想法从1930年就开始了,科学家对改变胰岛素剂型的研究也从来没有放弃,但非注射胰岛素一直是梦想,很多关键技术难题依然没有办法解决。