PNAS:科学家找到值夜班增加癌症等多种慢病风险证据

2018-07-14 佚名 全球医生组织

本周《美国国家科学院学报》在线版刊发了一项最新研究报告,提示在肝脏、肠道和胰腺中存在单独的生物钟(所谓外周生物钟),它们存在自主节律性。夜班会扰乱这种节律,引起代谢紊乱,进而增加心脏病、中风和癌症等多种慢病风险。

本周《美国国家科学院学报》在线版刊发了一项最新研究报告,提示在肝脏、肠道和胰腺中存在单独的生物钟(所谓外周生物钟),它们存在自主节律性。夜班会扰乱这种节律,引起代谢紊乱,进而增加心脏病、中风和癌症等多种慢病风险。

值夜班或其他非正常工作时间会增加肥胖、糖尿病和其他代谢紊乱疾病的风险。这些将最终导致患心脏病、中风和癌症的风险增加。

为什么会增加这些疾病风险,人们往往知其然不知其所以然。只知道值常年夜班(或不规律作息时间)对身体不好,但是,究竟如何不好?却说不出所以然来。

近日,华盛顿州立大学的科学家发表了一项最新研究成果,梳理了值夜班与多种慢病风险增加的头绪,让我们距离了解事实真相又近了一步。这项研究成果本周发表在《美国国家科学院学报》在线版上。

以往的观点认为轮班制度所导致代谢紊乱主要是受大脑中枢时钟控制,它使人体保持昼夜循环,并通过光线来同步身体器官和组织的节律性。

此项研究颠覆了以往的观念。该研究结果显示在肝脏、肠道和胰腺中存在着单独的生物钟(所谓外周生物钟),它们有自主节律性。在值夜班后,体内一部分生物信号提示现在是白天,而另一些信号则表明是晚上,进而导致了新陈代谢紊乱。

研究人员收集了健康参与者的血液样本,其中一部分是模拟白班时间表,另一部分则是模拟夜班时间表。

研究人员对血液样本中的代谢物进行了分析,其中包含消化过程中涉及到的化学反应产物,如食物分子的分解和氧化产物,以及细胞和器官其他代谢过程的产物等。

研究发现,如果按照夜班时间表上班,参与者血样中与24小时节律对应的消化系统相关代谢物,已经前移了整整12个小时,而参与者大脑中枢时钟只移动了约2小时。

消化器官的“生物钟”

华盛顿州立大学睡眠和行为研究中心主任Hans Van Dongen教授指出,当工作时间改为夜班后,消化器官的生物钟改变的幅度和速度,超出人们的意料之外,即使大脑中枢时钟暂未适应这样的时间安排。体内一部分生物信号提示现在是白天,而另一些信号则表明是晚上,进而导致了新陈代谢的紊乱。

Dongen教授认为,下一步需要明确代谢物节律前移的原因,是轮班而改变的睡眠/起床时间引起?或者是食物摄入时间的改变,还是两者兼有之。

一旦明确这一点,科学家们可以尝试找出潜在的细胞和/或激素,开发新疗法,使轮班工作者的生物钟重新同步,防止频繁昼夜换班对身体健康造成不良影响。

长期不良健康影响

该项研究成果也会对其他慢性疾病的研究产生影响,例如慢性肾病、乳腺癌、前列腺癌和皮肤癌等。研究人员发现模拟夜班组改变了与慢性肾脏疾病密切相关的两种代谢物:色氨酸和犬尿氨酸的节律。该项研究是第一此提出轮班工作与慢性肾脏疾病之间存在着关联机制。

项目负责人之一,癌症生物学家Gaddameedhi教授更倾向于破解轮班工作和癌症之间的联系。他认为轮班工作者的新陈代谢变化可能与细胞生命活动过程改变相关,甚至与日后癌症发生发展有关。了解这些机制,有助于识别相关基因,找到轮班工作者预防癌症的有效方法。

代谢组学研究生物节律

此项研究共招募了14名参与志愿者。他们在大学附属的睡眠实验室里渡过了7天。首先,其中一半人模拟为期三天的夜班时间表,另外一半人则是模拟为期三天的白班时间表。

在完成模拟轮班之后,所有参与者都被安排进入一个固定程序中,研究身体内部生物节律的变化,同时杜绝任何外部影响。

在研究过程中,他们以半躺着姿势,在24小时里保持清醒。他们被安排在相同时间内吃相同的食品,并保持室内光照和温度恒定。每三个小时抽取血样一次。

研究人员将血液样本进行检测分析,对其中132种与新陈代谢和消化系统相关的代谢物进行了检测。

萨里大学神经内分泌学教授Debra Skene认为:在模拟夜间和白天的轮班时间里, 27个代谢物遵循24小时的节律。

其中24个代谢物在模拟夜班后出现了显著的节律变化,这些变化在白班后的血样中没有检测到。

这项研究表明,仅仅三天的夜班时间就有可能扰乱人体新陈代谢节律。研究代谢通路将有助于理解轮班工作与代谢紊乱的生物学机制。

由此可见,长期轮值昼夜班或作息不规律对身体的影响有确凿的科学证据。为了身体健康,尽可能地规律作息,或将紊乱生物种的影响降到最小。

原始出处:

Debra J. Skene, Elena Skornyakov, Namrata R. Chowdhury, et.al. Separation of circadian- and behavior-driven metabolite rhythms in humans provides a window on peripheral oscillators and metabolism. PNAS July 10, 2018. 201801183; published ahead of print July 10, 2018. 

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    2018-12-26 docwu2019
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    2019-04-30 yanghan
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    2018-07-19 12363281m33暂无昵称

    学习了,我就是倒班的

    0

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    2018-07-18 大爰

    学习并分享

    0

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    2018-07-15 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

    0

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    2018-07-14 明心见性

    人类应该加速开发人工智能.最大程度的保证夜班人员的身体健康!

    0

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    2018-07-14 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

    0

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