Journal of Physiotherapy:与步行训练相比,经颅直流电刺激对改善帕金森病患者的步行能力没有益处?

2021-09-02 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

帕金森病是第二常见的中枢神经系统退行性疾病和最常见的运动障碍,由黑质多巴胺产生细胞的死亡引起。在过去30年中,全球帕金森病患者数量翻了一番多,达到600多万人。随着帕金森疾病的进展,帕金森病患者面临平

帕金森病是第二常见的中枢神经系统退行性疾病和最常见的运动障碍,由黑质多巴胺产生细胞的死亡引起。在过去30年中,全球帕金森病患者数量翻了一番多,达到600多万人。随着帕金森疾病的进展,帕金森病患者面临平衡受损和行走受限,而且跌倒风险增加。康复旨在通过改善行走参数(如行走速度、步长和步频)来维持患者步行。跑步机步行训练对步行速度和步长有好处,但对步行距离和步频没有明显影响。运动和药理学或非药理学治疗等综合干预措施正在成为提高帕金森运动效果的流行做法,尤其是在帕金森病早期。

通过经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)进行非侵入性脑刺激,该刺激通过向颅骨施加直流电来调节皮层兴奋性,可与步行训练相结合,并有可能增强其益处。tDCS通过细胞的非突触变化在刺激过程中调节皮层兴奋性。本系统回顾的目的是检验tDCS结合步行训练对改善帕金森病患者步行的疗效。 因此,本系统评价的具体研究问题为:与无/假干预相比,步行训练结合tDCS是否能改善帕金森病患者的步行(即速度、步频和步长)并减少跌倒和冻伤?结合tDCS的步行训练是否优于单独的步行训练?本论文发表在《journal of physiotherapy》。  

在MEDLINE(1946年至2020年6月)、AMED(1985年至2019年5月)、EMBASE(1947年至2019年5月)、Cochrane(2005年至2019年5月)、PsycINFO(1806年至2019年5月)和物理治疗数据库(PEDro)(至2020年6月)上进行相关研究的搜索,无日期或语言限制。该搜索策略在PubMed/Medline上注册,检索到的论文的方法部分由两名审稿人(WAC和FMVD)按照框1所示的预定标准进行提取和独立审核。两名审稿人对作者、期刊和结果均不知情。通过与第三位评审员(LRN)讨论,解决了分歧或歧义。 从PEDro网站上提取PEDro分数来评估纳入试验的方法学质量。PEDro量表是一个11个项目的量表,用于评估随机试验的方法学质量(内部有效性和统计信息)。除第1项外,每个项目的总分为1分(范围为0到10分)。如果数据库中未包含试验,则由完成PEDro量表培训教程的评审员进行评分。

实验流程

如果实验干预是tDCS,除了特定任务的步行训练外,还包括试验。要包括tDSC。需要包括以下内容:实验≥ 5分钟;电极定位必须符合国际EEG 10/20系统;在步行训练之前、期间或之后进行刺激;步行训练必须包括有计划、有组织和重复的练习,以提高步行能力。记录训练持续时间、训练频率、计划持续时间和tDCS参数(如强度和位置),以评估研究的相似性。对照干预根据研究问题确定:为了评估tDCS加步行训练的疗效,对照干预可以是无tDCS干预或假tDCS干预;为了评估tDCS加步行训练相对于单独步行训练的效果,控制干预必须是单独步行训练。记录的主要结果是行走时空参数:行走速度、步频和步长,通常通过定时行走测试或运动分析系统获得。次要结果是跌倒次数、对跌倒的恐惧、步态僵硬和。结果通常通过日记或调查问卷获得。记录测量时间和用于测量结果的程序,以评估荟萃分析中合并研究的适当性。

由两名评审员(GPO和WAC)提取有关方法(即设计、参与者、干预和措施)和结果(即参与者数量和结果平均值(SD))的信息,并由第三名评审员(LRN)检查。如果在已发表的试验中无法获得信息,则要求相应作者提供详细信息。使用随机效应模型,使用变化或干预后得分获得干预效果的汇总估计。评分系统的评分范围从高到极低。每次出现以下一个预先指定的标准时,将评分从高质量降低一级;合并研究中的估计值不一致(I2>50%),或无法进行评估(无合并);参与者的间接性(超过50%的研究没有描述纳入标准);和不精确性(每个结果汇集<400名参与者)。两名评审员(GPO和WAC)使用评分系统评估证据的质量,潜在的分歧通过与第三名评审员(LRN)协商一致解决。

五篇论文已列入审查。这五项研究涉及117名参与者,调查了步行训练与tDCS相结合对改善帕金森病患者步行速度(n=5)、步频(n=4)和步幅(n=5)的效果。纳入试验的平均PEDro得分为10分之8(范围6至10)。 参与者的平均年龄为61至67岁,疾病进展为6至8岁。试验包括Hoehn和Yahr量表第1至3阶段的参与者,平均基线步行速度为0.62 m/s至1.4 m/s。在所有试验中,实验干预是地面行走训练与tDCS相结合。阳极电极始终置于Cz位置,这与初级运动皮层区域一致。在试验中,脑刺激的持续时间从13分钟到30分钟不等,强度为2毫安。在步行训练之前(n=2)或期间(n=2)进行刺激。参与者接受30至60分钟的培训,每周2至3次,平均为期4周(SD 1.5)。对照组始终接受假tDCS或假tDCS加地上步行训练。

干预后即刻步行训练联合tDCS与假tDCS+步行训练效果的加权平均差

在定时步行测试(n=1)期间,使用运动分析系统(n=2)、定时步行测量(n=2)或脚传感器获得步行速度和步频测量值。在定时步行测试(n=1)期间,使用运动分析系统(n=2)、视频分析(n=2)或脚部传感器测量步长。步行训练结合tDCS的的PEDro评分为10分之6。结果表明,与假tDCS相比,步行训练结合tDCS可显著提高干预后即刻的步行速度。研究了步行训练与tDCS相结合(与单独的步行训练相比)对步行速度的影响,这五项试验涉及111名参与者(PEDro平均得分为8分,共10分)。添加tDSC对步行训练对步行速度没有影响或影响可以忽略不计。研究了步行训练与tDCS相结合与单独步行训练相比对步长的影响,这些试验共涉及111名参与者(平均PEDro分数为10分中的8分)添加TDC对步幅没有影响或影响可以忽略不计。在干预后立即进行步行训练(MD)时,添加TDC对步频没有影响或影响可以忽略不计。

在干预期后,步行训练联合tDCS与假tDCS+步行训练的效果的加权平均差

五项随机试验的荟萃分析表明,tDCS与单独的步行训练相比没有额外的益处。结果表明,步行训练结合tDCS可使步行速度(MD 0.26 m/s)和步幅(MD 18 cm)大幅度提高。然而,置信区间很宽,证据质量评分很低。总之,将Cz位强度为2 mA的tDSC添加到步行训练中,对轻度残疾患者的步行速度、步长或步频没有临床上重要的益处。

Lucas Rodrigues Nascimento, Willian Assis do Carmo, Gabriela Pinto de Oliveira, Fernando Zanela da Silva Arêas, Fernanda Moura Vargas Dias,Transcranial direct current stimulation provides no clinically important benefits over walking training for improving walking in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review,Journal of Physiotherapy,Volume 67, Issue 3,2021,Pages 190-196,

 

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    2022-04-05 yuanming15
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