Am J Prev Med:有关乳腺癌和卵巢癌过度治疗,科学家有话说

2017-03-31 佚名 生物通

据3月22日发表在美国预防医学杂志中的文章报道,通过分析BRCA诊断这项检测10年来的各种数据,研究人员发现过多的非高风险人群参加了BRCA测试,并不利于最大化其对乳腺癌或卵巢癌的检出率,呼吁医疗界不该放松基因诊断的受试门槛。

据3月22日发表在美国预防医学杂志中的文章报道,通过分析BRCA诊断这项检测10年来的各种数据,研究人员发现过多的非高风险人群参加了BRCA测试,并不利于最大化其对乳腺癌卵巢癌的检出率,呼吁医疗界不该放松基因诊断的受试门槛。

BRCA即是乳腺癌易感基因(Breast Cancer susceptibility gene),主要有两种:BRCA1和BRCA2,是抑癌基因,这两个基因有助于维持细胞遗传物质(DNA)功能正常。近几年来,学者们发现细胞中BRCA1和BRCA2基因的特定的基因突变或永久性的改变增加了得乳腺癌和卵巢癌的风险。(基因携带着从父母遗传到子女的所有生物学信息)。有这些潜在危害性基因突变的女性得乳腺癌的风险是其他人的五倍,且得卵巢癌的风险也极大的增加。

对癌症易感基因BRCA1和BRCA2的检测,通常来讲是服务于早发乳腺癌或卵巢癌的治疗方案的设计。如今,越来越多的妇女被要求进行BRCA基因预前检查。然而,德克萨斯医科大学加尔维斯顿分校的一项新研究证明,做了BRCA基因测试的女性并非意味着更好的风险评估。

Clinformatics商业公司提供数据库资料显示,2004年至2014年美国BRCA血液检测应用范围从早期的癌症患者逐渐被用于未被诊断为乳腺癌或卵巢癌的女性。虽然2005年美国预防服务工作组建议以个人或家庭为单位的乳腺癌或卵巢癌高风险女性(1.有两位以上的一等亲属患乳腺癌,并至少有一位一等亲属同时患有卵巢癌;2.有超过三位的一等亲属在50岁之前诊断乳腺癌;3.有两位姐妹在50岁前诊断出乳腺癌或卵巢癌;4.有一位一等亲属患双侧乳腺癌,双侧卵巢癌,或同时有乳腺癌和卵巢癌)方能进行BRCA检测。但是高风险人群却一直未能充分利用该项检测,反而低风险人群测试数量稳步增加。

本文的第一作者郭方建博士说,2004年时非易感人群的BRCA测试仅占24.3%,而如今,超过60%的检测发生在非易感人群之中。研究发现,越来越多BRCA基因检测的营销目标指向非易感人群,从而强化了BRCA检测的热度,导致许多女性即便在较低患病风险的情况下也会主动自我检测。郭博士指出,测试的增加并不一定有助于BRCA检测未来的发展,因为许多接受实验的妇女甚至不携带有害BRCA基因突变。下一代测学技术大大降低了基因检测和测序的成本,但是,目前的指导方案和实践并不够明确,也就是说,在测试之前我们无法判断出哪些受试者携带BRCA突变的可能性更高。一个有效的诊断策略,应该是公平分配以及被合理使用的,这样方能最大化服务于真正有需要的人。

原始出处:

Guo F,Hirth JM,Lin YL,et al. Use of BRCA Mutation Test in the U.S.,2004-2014.Am J Prev Med.

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    2017-03-31 虈亣靌

    已经学习,谢谢分享!

    0

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    2017-03-31 Chongyang Zhang

    签到学习了很多。

    0

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