Nature :结构性细胞在免疫应答中的关键作用

2020-08-02 佚名 BioArt

免疫系统通过精准的应答机制来对抗病原体的入侵,其主要成分为来源于造血系统的免疫细胞,包括调控固有免疫应答的髓系细胞和调控获得性免疫应答的淋巴细胞。当然,免疫系统的功能并不仅仅依赖于上述细胞。

哺乳动物的免疫系统通过精准的应答机制来对抗病原体的入侵,其主要成分为来源于造血系统的免疫细胞,包括调控固有免疫应答的髓系细胞和调控获得性免疫应答的淋巴细胞。当然,免疫系统的功能并不仅仅依赖于上述这些类型的细胞。

近日,来自奥地利的Christoph Bock研究组在Nature上发表题为Structural cells are key regulators of organ-specific immune responses的文章,在小鼠12类组织器官中选取了上皮细胞、内皮细胞和成纤维细胞这三类结构性细胞为研究对象,发现不同器官,其免疫应答方式也不同,并且均需要结构性细胞与免疫细胞协同作用。

为了研究不同结构性细胞对免疫相关基因的调控作用,作者选择了小鼠的十二个器官,包括大脑、盲肠、心脏、肾脏、大肠、肝脏、肺脏、淋巴结、皮肤、小肠、脾脏和胸腺。制备为单细胞悬液后,通过流式细胞术的方法,分别分离出内皮细胞、上皮细胞和成纤维细胞。所获得的细胞再进行下述三个方面的研究:第一,通过RNA测序技术(RNA-seq)展示基因表达谱;第二,通过利用转座酶研究染色质可进入性的高通量测序技术(ATAC-seq)来展示染色质的可及性;第三,通过染色质免疫沉淀技术(ChIPmentation)研究基于组蛋白H3K4me2的启动子和增强子相关抗体的表观遗传谱。

接下来作者对所得到的数据进行几方面的具体分析。第一方面,作者通过RNA测序结果,分析结构性细胞中免疫系统相关基因的活化情况,得到下面两个结论:(1)稳态时,免疫细胞与结构性细胞存在大量的相互作用,而其相互作用的模式则大量依赖于结构性细胞的表面分子以及分泌因子;(2)结构性细胞中存在大量免疫基因模块。这两个结论说明,结构性细胞中的免疫基因以及免疫模块,很可能是其与免疫细胞发生细胞特异性或者器官特异性相互作用的物质基础。

第二方面,作者比较了不同细胞类型以及不同器官中基因调控网络的差异,同样得出几处结论。(1)在同一个免疫基因位点,细胞类型和器官类型不同,其染色质调节情况也不同;当然,有一类核心免疫基因,比如Ifngr1,在不同的细胞和器官中,都表现为高度染色质易可及性;(2)分析转录因子以及其对应的靶标基因,同样存在细胞记忆器官特异性;同样,有一类转录因子,在各类细胞和器官中都持续活化。通过上述分析,作者认为,一组核心基因,调控结构性细胞的免疫功能,而其它在不同细胞和器官类型中表现差异的分子,则是结构性细胞细胞类型差异和器官类型差异的基础。

第三方面,表观组学谱不仅可以实时展示细胞状态,还可以反应其对不同刺激的可能的应答情况。因此,作者假设,结构性细胞中免疫基因的活化,可以改变细胞表观遗传谱,从而为应对外来刺激做好准备。为了证明这一假设,作者发现有一组基因,它们表达量相对较低,但是其启动子却处于高度的染色质易可及性,这说明这类基因很可能在刺激条件下,表达量迅速升高。另外,作者还发现,结构性细胞中表观遗传变化的基因,多具有免疫学功能。另外,在比较了不同器官中的基因表达谱和染色质易进入性两项指标,作者发现,大脑、盲肠、心脏、肾脏、大肠和皮肤中,这两项指标具有高度的正相关性;而与之相反的是肝脏、淋巴结、脾脏和胸腺这些免疫器官中,两项指标相关性不高,这说明,这四类器官具有强大的表观遗传谱变化潜力,从而可以为应对多种外来刺激做好准备。

综上所述,作者通过RNA测序,染色质易进入性测序和表观遗传谱绘制等方法,研究和分析了来自于十二个器官的3类结构性细胞的免疫基因活性和调控模式。这些调控模式具有器官特异性,并且显示了结构性细胞与免疫细胞之间大量的相互作用关系。这项工作重点关注了几类结构性细胞的具有器官特异性特征的免疫基因活化情况,并且,具体展示了一种高精度、多组学相结合、涉及转录谱和表观遗传谱等方面的研究方法。

原始出处:

Thomas Krausgruber, Nikolaus Fortelny, Victoria Fife-Gernedl, et al.Structural cells are key regulators of organ-specific immune responses.Nature. 2020 Jul;583(7815):296-302. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2424-4. Epub 2020 Jul 1.

 

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    2021-07-10 liye789132251
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    2020-08-27 14818eb4m67暂无昵称

    学习了

    0

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免疫应答遭到抑制,很有可能增加罹患病毒感染相关的肿瘤的概率。有报道指出,皮肤鳞状细胞癌(squamous cell carcinoma,简称SCC)与beta型人类乳头瘤病毒(beta human papillomavirus,简称β-HPV)相关,而免疫应答受到抑制的病人,罹患此种肿瘤的概率是健康人群的一百倍以上。但是,学界对于皮肤癌与HPV之间的因果关系并没有给出明确的答案。

JCC:间充质干细胞疗法可诱发先天性免疫记忆反应从而减轻结肠炎

间充质干细胞(MSCs)由于其免疫调节特性而被用于治疗免疫介导的疾病。MSCs的细胞疗法在免疫系统中诱导多种作用,最终导致具有调节表型的免疫细胞数量增加。

J Virol:病毒学国家重点实验室朱应、刘实研究组在流感病毒调控天然免疫应答方面取得新进展

近日,国际学术期刊《Journal of Virology》在线发表了病毒学国家重点实验室朱应、刘实研究组的最新研究成果。该工作揭示了流感病毒通过表观遗传学修饰调控天然免疫应答的新机理。

Clin Infect Dis:微生物所在H5N6禽流感病毒感染免疫应答规律方面取得进展

近日,中国科学院流感研究与预警中心(CASCIRE)、微生物研究所高福团队联合深圳市第三人民医院等在传染病专业期刊Clinical Infectious Diseases发表了H5N6禽流感病毒感染临床特征和机体免疫应答机制的研究成果。