The Scientist:肺部微生物组决定你的健康

2015-01-16 伊文 手牵手资讯网

近年来,肺部微生物组对呼吸道健康的重要性逐渐受到了科学家们的重视。The Scientist杂志特别撰文介绍了这一领域的最新进展。 如果将人类的消化系统看作是从口腔延伸至胃和肠道的一条河流,那么肺就是河流旁的湖泊,常常被湍急的水流波及,密歇根大学的Gary Huffnagle说。Huffnagle研究肺部菌群已经有十年了,“持续有来自于口腔的细菌流入肺部,”他说。但肺也可以通过纤毛活动和

近年来,肺部微生物组对呼吸道健康的重要性逐渐受到了科学家们的重视。The Scientist杂志特别撰文介绍了这一领域的最新进展。

如果将人类的消化系统看作是从口腔延伸至胃和肠道的一条河流,那么肺就是河流旁的湖泊,常常被湍急的水流波及,密歇根大学的Gary Huffnagle说。Huffnagle研究肺部菌群已经有十年了,“持续有来自于口腔的细菌流入肺部,”他说。但肺也可以通过纤毛活动和咳嗽将细菌向外排出,这使肺部的微生物组成为一个动态的社群。”

人们曾经认为肺部没受到感染时是无菌的。然而近十年来越来越多的证据表明,尽管规模比口腔和肠道小得多,但健康肺部也存在着常驻菌群。许多研究将肺部微生物组的改变与慢性肺病的发展关联起来,例如囊性纤维化CF或慢性阻塞性肺病COPD。不过,肺部微生物组与疾病的复杂关系还有待阐明。

健康肺部的表面是一个动态的环境。来自口鼻的残渣和微生物不断进入这一呼吸器官,而支气管的纤毛细胞能通过有节奏的运动,去除这些残渣和入侵的细菌,肺泡巨噬细胞也在时刻准备着摧毁不受欢迎的来客。

肺部微生物组研究一开始引起了诸多质疑,纽约大学的Leopoldo Segal说。最常见的质疑是,认为肺部很可能只是被口腔微生物污染了。后来,不同团队一再证实有些细菌本身就生活在健康肺部,人们才逐渐接受肺部特异性微生物组的概念。

肺部微生物组比口腔微生物组的密度少大约一千倍,Huffnagle说。这主要是因为肺部缺少适宜细菌生活的粘膜。Huffnagle和同事今年三月在The Lancet Respiratory Medicine上发表综述指出,肺部就像是南太平洋,细菌聚集而成的小岛点缀其间。文章指出,肺部微生物组似乎源自于口腔微生物组,这些细菌能够在肺部的特殊环境下生存。而健康肺部最常见的细菌为链球菌、Prevotella和Veillonella。

肺部微生物组与疾病

近来研究显示,慢性肺病与肺部微生物组受到干扰有关。2012年密歇根大学的John LiPuma在PNAS杂志上发表文章,为人们展现了CF患者肺部样本的培养结果。研究人员发现,随着患者的疾病发展,他们肺部的微生物组多样性降低,而微生物的总密度保持不变。研究认为这种改变是抗生素造成的,抗生素治疗通常是CF患者所必须的。“我们并不是说抗生素有害,”LiPuma说。“这项研究提出的问题是,CF中的抗生素是否在某个临界点背叛了人类。”

据Segal介绍,有一系列研究表明肺部感染往往伴随着微生物组的改变,只是人们还不清楚这些变化的发生机制和后果。还有研究指出,肺部的微生物组改变与HIV或哮喘有关。

2013年肺部HIV微生物组计划的成员在《美国呼吸与重症医学杂志》杂志上发表了一个出人意料的发现,与不吸烟的健康人相比,健康吸烟者的肺部微生物组并没有出现显著差异。肺部HIV微生物组计划旨在研究健康肺部的微生物组,并在此基础上分析HIV感染者肺部发生的改变。

目前,还很少有人研究肺炎、流感或肺结核对肺部微生物组的影响。这一领域的发展比肠道微生物组研究落后了10到15年,加州大学旧金山医学中心的Yvonne Huang说。

原始出处:

Scales BS, Erb-Downward JR, Huffnagle IM, LiPuma JJ, Huffnagle GB. Comparative genomics of Pseudomonas fluorescens subclade III strains from human lungs. BMC Genomics. 2015 Dec 7;16:1032. doi: 10.1186/s12864-015-2261-2.


Dickson RP, Erb-Downward JR, Martinez FJ, Huffnagle GB. The Microbiome and the Respiratory Tract. Annu Rev Physiol. 2016 Feb 10;78:481-504


Dickson RP, Erb-Downward JR, Huffnagle GB. Homeostasis and its disruption in the lung microbiome. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2015 Nov 15;309(10):L1047-55

Rina Shaikh-Lesko.Breathing Life into Lung Microbiome Research.The Scientist.June 9, 2014

Dickson RP, Huffnagle GB. The Lung Microbiome: New Principles for Respiratory Bacteriology in Health and Disease.PLoS Pathog. 2015 Jul 9;11(7):e1004923.

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1824592, encodeId=6b79182459218, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50658, encryptionId=702a5065860, topicName=微生物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0b7c20, createdName=wjcjjian, createdTime=Sun May 17 13:41:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=14794, encodeId=f0ab14e94ba, content=免疫细胞与微生物共同构成机体生态平衡, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b12498217, createdName=xiongyl1207, createdTime=Wed Jan 28 23:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=14497, encodeId=ff291449ec9, content=很好的新的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/12/27/fbd784adc68b967ee1f6d8d7192692c0.jpg, createdBy=771884322, createdName=zczcz6655, createdTime=Sun Jan 18 11:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1374990, encodeId=397f13e49903d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Sun Jan 18 05:41:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1382343, encodeId=2816138234348, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=49d350e1625' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物组#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50716, encryptionId=49d350e1625, topicName=微生物组)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c9df476, createdName=fyxzlh, createdTime=Sun Jan 18 05:41:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-01-28 xiongyl1207

    免疫细胞与微生物共同构成机体生态平衡

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1824592, encodeId=6b79182459218, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50658, encryptionId=702a5065860, topicName=微生物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0b7c20, createdName=wjcjjian, createdTime=Sun May 17 13:41:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=14794, encodeId=f0ab14e94ba, content=免疫细胞与微生物共同构成机体生态平衡, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b12498217, createdName=xiongyl1207, createdTime=Wed Jan 28 23:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=14497, encodeId=ff291449ec9, content=很好的新的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/12/27/fbd784adc68b967ee1f6d8d7192692c0.jpg, createdBy=771884322, createdName=zczcz6655, createdTime=Sun Jan 18 11:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1374990, encodeId=397f13e49903d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Sun Jan 18 05:41:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1382343, encodeId=2816138234348, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=49d350e1625' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物组#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50716, encryptionId=49d350e1625, topicName=微生物组)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c9df476, createdName=fyxzlh, createdTime=Sun Jan 18 05:41:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-01-18 zczcz6655

    很好的新的文章

    0

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    2015-01-18 jichang
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1824592, encodeId=6b79182459218, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=702a5065860' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50658, encryptionId=702a5065860, topicName=微生物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0b7c20, createdName=wjcjjian, createdTime=Sun May 17 13:41:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=14794, encodeId=f0ab14e94ba, content=免疫细胞与微生物共同构成机体生态平衡, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=78, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b12498217, createdName=xiongyl1207, createdTime=Wed Jan 28 23:05:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=14497, encodeId=ff291449ec9, content=很好的新的文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=114, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/12/27/fbd784adc68b967ee1f6d8d7192692c0.jpg, createdBy=771884322, createdName=zczcz6655, createdTime=Sun Jan 18 11:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1374990, encodeId=397f13e49903d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Sun Jan 18 05:41:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1382343, encodeId=2816138234348, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=49d350e1625' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#微生物组#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50716, encryptionId=49d350e1625, topicName=微生物组)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c9df476, createdName=fyxzlh, createdTime=Sun Jan 18 05:41:00 CST 2015, time=2015-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]