神经精神数据认同临床前阿尔茨海默病

2012-08-13 不详 网络

    温哥华——根据在阿尔茨海默病协会2012年国际会议上报告的最新神经精神病学数据,阿尔茨海默病的最早证据至少在疾病发生10年即已出现。    亚利桑那州斯科特市梅奥医院的Caselli医生说:“在过去的一两年间,临床前阿尔茨海默病的概念备受关注,脑脊液内生物标记物和淀粉样抗原水平等检测的发展进一步推动了这一观念。我们已经认识到,临床

    温哥华——根据在阿尔茨海默病协会2012年国际会议上报告的最新神经精神病学数据,阿尔茨海默病的最早证据至少在疾病发生10年即已出现。
    亚利桑那州斯科特市梅奥医院的Caselli医生说:“在过去的一两年间,临床前阿尔茨海默病的概念备受关注,脑脊液内生物标记物和淀粉样抗原水平等检测的发展进一步推动了这一观念。我们已经认识到,临床前阿尔茨海默病是影像、病理和认知相结合的整体。”Caselli医生报告了一项纳入813例认知功能正常成人的纵向研究的数据,这些受试者每1~2年连续接受一系列评估,平均随访时间为8年。研究参与者接受检验记忆、执行功能、语言和视觉空间能力的一组广泛的神经心理学测验。与不携带载脂蛋白(apo E)ε等位基因的参与者相比,携带任何拷贝的载脂蛋白E(apo E)ε等位基因(阿尔茨海默病的一种危险因素)的参与者在一些记忆测验中的表现减退更快,并且对新信息的学习能力也较差。“[ε4]携带者的临床前阿尔茨海默病平均开始于50多岁,临床阿尔茨海默病的发生时间滞后10~15年。根据对这些组的分析推断,对个体的临床前阿尔茨海默病的神经心理学评估可能是基于纵向记忆表现(尤其是语言记忆)或某些类型的认知负荷检验,如…劳拉西泮负荷,”之前的研究显示药物对ε4携带至的记忆具有很大影响(J. Clin. Psychiatry 2009;70:1379-84)。
    这项研究仍在进行中,其首项分析纳入了亚利桑那州apo E队列中680例认知功能正常成人的数据。参与者年龄范围为20多岁至80多岁,平均年龄为57岁,平均接受了16年教育。总体上,42%的参与者携带至少1个ε4等位基因(30%为杂合子,12%为纯合子)。
    WCST(威斯康辛卡片分类测验)是一种执行功能测验,这项测验显示,无论ε4携带状态如何,50~70岁受试者每年评分降低超过1%。在记忆测验中,等位基因携带者的记忆测验评分每年至少额外降低1%,此类测验包括AVLT(听觉语词学习测验)和VRT(视觉保持测验)等。实际上,非携带者的一些记忆测验评分随时间进展而有所提高,显示每年提高超过1%,这是自重复测验中学习的结果。此类测验如SRT(选择性提醒测验)。但携带者的评分不会随时间进展而提高。“纵向看,认知衰老在执行能力中表现最突出,但临床前阿尔茨海默病最主要的特征为记忆能力减退,”Caselli医生说。
    在第二项分析中,研究者对一个联合队列进行了研究,该队列中包含亚利桑那州apo E队列以及来自亚利桑那州阿尔茨海默病中心队列的另外133例初始认知功能正常的年龄较高的成人。
    Caselli医生说,对ε4携带者与非携带者进行比较的二次模型显示,仅在记忆测验中,ε4携带者较非携带者的减退显着加速。并且,对于多数记忆测验,存在一种基因-剂量效应。
    研究者总结认为,神经心理学测验认同临床前阿尔茨海默病的发生较临床阿尔茨海默病至少提前10年。
    Caselli医生披露无相关利益冲突。

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