Pediatrics:青少年性病筛查普及率有待提高,性保健教育的重要性不容忽视!

2022-05-20 liangying 网络

对性活跃的青少年女性和与男性发生性关系的年轻男性来说,他们应该每年进行衣原体和淋病检测。

据估计,在美国,每年感染的新发性传播感染(STI)中15至24岁的年轻人至少占一半,性活跃的青春期女性中有四分之一患有STI。鉴于青少年中性病的高发病率、感染的严重后果以及衣原体筛查的成本效益,美国儿科学会、美国预防服务工作队、疾病控制和预防中心(CDC),美国妇产科学会建议对青少年进行一定程度的性病筛查。

例如,美国预防服务工作组建议每年对所有25岁以上的性活跃女性进行衣原体和淋病筛查。建议与男性发生性关系的年轻男性至少每年进行一次衣原体、淋病和梅毒筛查,包括每3至6个月进行一次高危筛查。建议根据性传播感染的类型、个人风险和社区患病率对与女性发生性关系的年轻男性进行筛查。

虽然国家指南要求每年在特定青少年人群中对某些性传播感染进行检测,但在青少年中以人口为基础的性传播感染检测流行率数据有限。随着2019年全国青少年风险行为调查纳入一个新项目,本研究提供了性活跃高中生年度性传播感染检测的一般性估计。

本研究报告了过去12个月性病检测(HIV除外)在性活跃学生(N5 2501)中的加权患病率估计,以及检测与人口统计学特征(性别、年龄、种族和民族、性身份和性接触性别)之间的双变量关联。多变量模型按性别分层,并根据人口统计学进行调整,以检查测试与性行为之间的关系(开始年龄、性伴侣数量、上次性交时不使用安全套以及上次性交时使用物质)。

结果显示,五分之一(20.4%)的性活跃高中生报告在前一年进行了性病检测。报告测试的女生比例(26.1%)明显高于男生(13.7%)。在女生中,患病率因年龄而异(15岁=12.6%,16岁=22.8%,17岁=28.5%,或18岁=36.9%)。对于男生来说,包括性身份在内的人口统计学特征没有差异,但大多数性风险行为与性病检测的可能性增加有关(调整后的患病率从1.48到2.47不等)。

性行为活跃的美国高中女生在过去12个月里自我报告性行为的性传播感染检测的流行率

性行为活跃的美国高中男生在过去12个月里自我报告性行为的性传播感染检测的流行率

总之,本研究中青少年STI检测的低流行率表明,该方面对目前国家指南建议的遵守情况欠佳,尤其是对性活跃的青少年女性和与男性发生性关系的年轻男性来说,他们应该每年进行衣原体和淋病检测。

参考文献::Liddon N, Pampati S, Dunville R, et al. Annual STI Testing Among Sexually Active Adolescents. Pediatrics. 2022;149(5):e2021051893

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    2022-05-24 feather89
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    2022-08-11 hbwxf
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    2023-02-26 mgqwxj

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