明明是心脏病,怎么会中风?!都是房颤惹的祸——心脏专家呼吁早发现、早治疗,提高房颤创新药物可及性

2022-08-19 心血管健康联盟信息平台 心血管健康联盟信息平台

房颤已成为危害人民群众健康的重大公共卫生问题。房颤显著增加脑卒中、心力衰竭等不良结局风险,严重影响患者生活质量,甚至危及生命。

2022年8月,中国广州 7月26日,一项发表在心血管领域权威杂志JACC上的EAST-AFNET 4研究的最新分析结果证实,早期进行节律控制可以降低心房颤动(以下简称“房颤”,AF)患者发生中风的风险。为普及房颤疾病知识,提高广大市民对房颤规范治疗的重视,分享房颤治疗领域新方法、新动态,我们特邀中山大学附属第一医院董吁钢教授向公众分享房颤相关话题。

图片

董吁钢教授

重视房颤,别让中风趁虚而入

房颤是指心房跳动失去了正常的节律。据相关流行病学调查显示,中国45岁以上成人的房颤标化患病率约为2%,75岁以上人群中,男性和女性患病率均达到5,尤其是在有基础心脏病的患者人群中更为高发。如果重视不足,房颤将会进一步发展并导致严重的并发症,最常见的就是血栓引起的脑中风,有较高的致残率,严重时将危及生命;此外还可能发生心力衰竭和全身性栓塞事件,患者生活质量下降,背负较大医疗负担。而相当部分的病人可以通过早期预防减少并发症的发生,早期防治可使患者保持正常的心律或者预防血栓的发生,提高患者的生活质量,延长生命。

早期节律控制,显著改善房颤患者生活质量

目前,临床上可以通过药物治疗、射频消融和电复律的方式对房颤患者进行节律控制,明显降低严重并发症的发生率。

中山大学附属第一医院董吁钢教授介绍道:如果是新发房颤,并且有基础心脏病的患者,我们通常优先采取药物治疗的方法,选用抗心律失常药物控制房颤,使患者恢复并保持正常的节律。药物控制不理想,房颤反复发作,我们会考虑对患者进行射频消融。如果患者房颤发作的时候症状严重,紧急情况时血压低,这时候会进行电复律。作为医生总是不断在想办法让患者做到早发现、早治疗,尽量减少血栓和心力衰竭事件,提高患者的生活质量。

心血管领域权威杂志JACC最新发表的EAST-AFNET 4研究预设分析结果提示,早期节律控制可减少首次诊断的房颤、阵发性房颤和持续性房颤这3种表现形式不同的房颤患者心血管死亡、中风、因心衰和急性冠脉综合征住院风险。也就是说,早期节律控制策略有益于房颤患者。

董吁钢教授指出:在临床上,患者有症状或开始出现不舒服,我们都建议患者进行尽早治疗。我们医生会具体根据患者的具体情况,考虑如何进行药物选择。患者也需要及时反馈用药情况,便于医生调整药物的选择和用量。特别注意,不要因为没有症状,感觉自己身体状态良好,就不遵医嘱停止服药,这可能会导致脑中风等严重事件的发生。因此一定要重视房颤的早期预防与治疗。

提高新药可及性,惠及更多患者群体

新型抗心律失常药物盐酸决奈达隆片自2009年相继在美国和欧洲上市以来,全球累计有超过1500万名房颤患者使用盐酸决奈达隆片。20211222日,中国国家药品监督管理局(NMPA)正式批准了盐酸决奈达隆片用于阵发性或持续性房颤病史的窦性心律患者,减少因房颤住院的风险。

盐酸决奈达隆片在胺碘酮的基础上进行了结构优化,在保留抗心律失常的临床疗效的同时,去除碘基团、增加甲磺酰胺基,因此降低组织蓄积,没有碘相关的不良反应。证据表明,盐酸决奈达隆片可维持窦性心律长达158,房颤复发风险下降25,能为复律后的阵发性或持续性房颤患者提供长期、稳定的支持。2020 ESC房颤指南中推荐盐酸决奈达隆片可作为非永久性非心衰房颤患者的首选长期节律控制药物

董吁钢教授指出,目前国内可选择的药物不多,近年引进了新药盐酸决奈达隆片,它的副作用较少,窦律维持的时间也更长,为阵发性或持续性房颤患者维持窦律提供了一个更好的药物新选择。盐酸决奈达隆片对非心衰房颤患者显示出良好的节律控制效果,也有望成为这类患者的首选药物。我国的医保政策越来越好,报销的比例也越来越高,因此提高药物的医保可及性,能更广泛地惠及更多的患者群体。希望医保目录可以纳入此类房颤治疗药物,推进医院和患者的可及性,让新药发挥应有的作用,患者得到恰当的治疗。

盐酸决奈达隆片在国内的成功上市,为房颤患者的早期节律控制提供了长效且安全的药物新选择。期待这款新药能够惠及更多患者,有效助力患者进行早期节律控制,减少心脏负担,为健康加码!

关于房颤在中国的疾病现状

根据最新的流调数据,中国房颤患者已逾两千万,随着人口老龄化的加剧,新发患者人数仍在持续攀升,45岁以上成人的房颤标化患病率约为2%,房颤已成为危害人民群众健康的重大公共卫生问题。房颤显著增加脑卒中、心力衰竭等不良结局风险,严重影响患者生活质量,甚至危及生命。尤其是伴有房颤的脑卒中患者深陷医疗花费高、住院次数多、住院天数长的困境,背负着沉重的经济负担。

参考资料

[1] Xin Du et al.Heart 2021,107:535-541.

[2] Andreas Goette et al.J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022, 80 (4) 283–295

[3] 中国心血管杂志, 2021, 26(3) : 209-218.

[4] Singh BN et al. N Engl J Med 2007;357:987-32.

[5] Hindricks G, et al. Eur Heart J. 2021 Feb 1;42(5)373-498

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