BMJ:指甲变黑是黑色素瘤吗?

2016-05-04 MedSci MedSci原创

BMJ:指甲变黑是黑色素瘤吗?一名32岁的非洲裔美国女性,患有B细胞淋巴瘤,因出现了发热性中性白细胞减少症而就诊。除了发烧外,患者的指甲变色发黑(如下图所示)。患者已经完成了三个周期的剂量调整R-EPOCH方案(利妥昔单抗、依托泊苷、泼尼松、长春新碱、环磷酰胺、阿霉素)治疗。此外,患者还使用了扑热息痛(对乙酰氨基酚)-氢可酮和奥坦西隆。指甲变色发生在患者化疗之后。但是患者的皮肤并未出现颜色改变,病

一名32岁的非洲裔美国女性,患有B细胞淋巴瘤,因出现了发热性中性白细胞减少症而就诊。除了发烧外,患者的指甲变色发黑(如下图所示)。患者已经完成了三个周期的剂量调整R-EPOCH方案(利妥昔单抗、依托泊苷、泼尼松、长春新碱、环磷酰胺、阿霉素)治疗。此外,患者还使用了扑热息痛(对乙酰氨基酚)-氢可酮和奥坦西隆。指甲变色发生在患者化疗之后。但是患者的皮肤并未出现颜色改变,病损其他部位也没有,也无皮肤癌或黑色素瘤家族史。那么诊断是什么?



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诊断:化疗诱导的黑甲

讨论:黑甲可以是生理、局部、医源性和综合病征的原因所导致。化疗诱导的黑甲是甲板中的黑色素沉着导致指甲色素过度沉着。这类化疗药物通常包括环磷酰胺、阿霉素和依托泊苷,这些药物都可激活指甲基质中的黑素细胞。指甲上可出现纵向或水平向的黑褐色到蓝黑色的色素沉着。它通常出现在化疗后的一到两个月,停止化疗后色素会慢慢消失。

除了会影响美观外,黑甲通常不会引起其他的问题,但是临床医生要能够区分黑甲和指甲黑色素瘤。区分二者的特征包括单个或多个指甲受累,渐进式的或自发性的恢复,以及与药物的时间关系。Hutchison标记(指甲色素沉着延伸到相邻皮肤)是黑色素瘤的特征。在不能确诊的情况下,可进行活检以排除黑色素瘤。

原始出处:

Abhishek Maiti,Sreyasi Bhattacharya.A patient with cancer and nail pigmentation. BMJ 2016; 353 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i2346

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    2016-10-11 gaoxiaoe
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    2016-12-19 ycmayy
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    2016-08-07 sunylz
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    2016-05-09 jaysppr

    学习啦,不错

    0

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    2016-05-08 stead

    学习了,很好的

    0

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    2016-05-05 yde2801fm***3926(暂无匿称)

    见识了

    0

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