延缓阿尔茨海默病神经变性的替代策略(老药新用)

2022-01-10 brainnew神内神外 网络

用托莫西汀(Atomoxetine,一种治疗ADHD 药物)提高神经递质去甲肾上腺素的水平,可能能够阻止患有阿尔茨海默病早期迹象的人的神经退行性变。

 

一项新研究表明,增加去甲肾上腺素可降低轻度认知障碍(MCI)患者的神经炎症标志物。

 

 

《EurekAlert》 12月22日消息

 

在埃默里脑健康中心(Emory Brain Health Center)进行的一项研究表明,用托莫西汀(Atomoxetine,一种治疗ADHD 药物)提高神经递质去甲肾上腺素的水平,可能能够阻止患有阿尔茨海默病早期迹象的人的神经退行性变。研究结果于近日发表在《大脑》(Brain)杂志上。

 

研究于2021年12月17日发表在《Brain》(最新影响因子:13.501)杂志上

 

这是首批发表的临床研究之一,显示对蛋白质 Tau 有显著影响,该蛋白质在阿尔茨海默病的大脑中形成神经原纤维缠结。在 39 名轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 患者中,托莫西汀治疗 6 个月后,研究参与者脑脊液 (CSF) 中的 Tau 水平降低,并使其他神经炎症标志物正常化

 

该研究指出了一种针对阿尔茨海默病的替代药物策略,该策略不依赖于针对 Tau 或另一种阿尔茨海默病相关蛋白 β-淀粉样蛋白的抗体。最近 FDA 批准的一种药物 adacanumab 以 β-淀粉样蛋白为靶点,但其益处在该领域的专家中存在争议。

 

埃默里大学(Emory University)的研究人员得出结论,有必要对托莫西汀在 MCI 和阿尔茨海默病中进行更大规模、更长时间的研究。该药物对认知或其他临床结果没有显著影响,鉴于研究持续时间相对较短,这在意料之中。

 

“托莫西汀的一个主要优势是它已经获得 FDA 批准并且众所周知是安全的,”资深作者、埃默里大学医学院人类遗传学教授 David Weinshenker 博士说,“托莫西汀对大脑网络活动和 CSF 炎症标志物的有益影响值得对其持乐观态度。”

 

David Weinshenker 教授

 

“我们对试验结果感到鼓舞,”主要作者、埃默里大学医学院神经病学教授、Goizueta 研究所@Emory Brain Health 主任 Allan Levey 说,“这种治疗是安全的,轻度认知障碍患者的耐受性良好,并且正如我们假设的那样调节了大脑神经递质去甲肾上腺素。此外,我们的探索性研究在成像和脑脊液生物标志物方面显示出有希望的结果,需要在更长时间的治疗的更大规模研究中进行跟进。”

 

Allan Levey 主任

 

埃默里大学的研究人员选择了以择思达 (Strattera) 形式出售的托莫西汀,目的是提高大脑中去甲肾上腺素的水平,他们认为这可以稳定大脑的一个脆弱区域,防止与阿尔茨海默病相关的神经变性。

 

去甲肾上腺素主要由蓝斑区产生,蓝斑区是脑干的一个区域,似乎是第一个显示阿尔茨海默病相关病理的区域——即使在健康的中年人中也是如此。去甲肾上腺素被认为可以减少炎症并促进称为小胶质细胞的垃圾清除细胞清除蛋白质聚集体,例如 β-淀粉样蛋白和 Tau。增加去甲肾上腺素水平对阿尔茨海默病小鼠和大鼠模型的认知和病理具有积极影响

 

“我们发现托莫西汀显着增加了这些患者的脑脊液去甲肾上腺素水平,这似乎很明显,但绝对必要,” Weinshenker 说,“对于许多药物和试验,很难证明目标参与度。我们能够直接评估目标参与度。”

 

Weinshenker 还强调,该试验源于在动物模型中进行的临床前研究,这证明了去甲肾上腺素的潜力。

 

托莫西汀

 

埃默里大学的研究是在 2012 年至 2018 年之间进行的,采用交叉设计,其中一半组在前六个月接受托莫西汀治疗,另一半接受安慰剂治疗——然后个体切换。前六个月接受托莫西汀治疗的参与者可能在治疗停止后经历了遗留效应,因此他们的第二个六个月期间不一定是纯安慰剂。

 

根据测量 Tau 和 β-淀粉样蛋白,研究参与者都被诊断出患有轻度认知障碍,并且在他们的脑脊液中具有潜在进展为阿尔茨海默病的标志物。

 

研究人员测量了参与者脑脊液中数十种蛋白质的水平,托莫西汀治疗后 Tau 的减少很小——在六个月内约为 5%——但如果持续下去,它可能会对阿尔茨海默病的病理学产生更大的影响。未观察到对 β-淀粉样蛋白的显着影响。

 

埃默里脑健康中心

 

此外,在服用托莫西汀的参与者中,研究人员能够通过 PET 脑成像检测到内侧颞叶的新陈代谢增加,这对记忆至关重要

 

研究参与者从低剂量的托莫西汀开始,逐渐增加到更高的剂量,每天最多 100 mg。参与者在服用阿托莫西汀期间确实经历了体重减轻(平均 4 磅)和心率增加(每分钟约 5 次),但他们的血压没有显着升高。有些人报告了副作用,如胃肠道症状、口干或头晕。

 

 

 

FDA 于 2002 年批准托莫西汀治疗儿童和成人的 ADHD(注意力缺陷多动障碍),并且该药物已被证明对老年人是安全的。与通常用于 ADHD 的常规兴奋剂相比,它被认为具有较低的滥用潜力。 

 

Weinshenker 说,展望未来,现在可以使用 MRI 技术可视化活人蓝斑的完整性,因此这可能成为更大后续研究的重要组成部分。最近在帕金森病患者中研究了托莫西汀的作用——蓝斑完整性降低的患者的益处似乎更大。

 

创立于1836年的埃默里大学

参考文献

Source:Emory Health Sciences
Alternative strategy for stalling Alzheimer’s neurodegeneration
Reference:
Allan I. Levey, Deqiang Qiu, Liping Zhao, William T. Hu, Duc M. Duong, Lenora Higginbotham, Eric B. Dammer, Nicholas T. Seyfried, Thomas S. Wingo, Chadwick M. Hales, Malú Gámez Tansey, David S. Goldstein, Anees Abrol, Vince D. Calhoun, Felicia C. Goldstein, Ihab Hajjar, Anne M. Fagan, Doug Galasko, Steven D. Edland, John Hanfelt, James J. Lah, David Weinshenker, A phase II study repurposing atomoxetine for neuroprotection in mild cognitive impairment, Brain, 2021;, awab452, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab452

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    2022-01-12 huangdf
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