JCO:预防性卵巢切除术显著降低高风险女性的死亡率

2014-05-21 何Jason 医学专业新闻

BRCA1或BRCA2突变携带者接受卵巢切除术对癌症发病风险和死亡风险的影响 目的:本研究旨在评估不同年龄的BRCA1或BRCA2突变携带者接受卵巢切除术后,其卵巢癌、输卵管癌或腹膜癌风险下降的幅度;评估预防性卵巢切除术对全因死亡风险的作用;评估本队列人群临床诊断为卵巢癌、隐匿性癌症和腹膜癌后的5年生存。 患者和方法:国际注册队列,所有女性均为BRCA1或BRCA2突变携带者;5783名妇女完

BRCA1或BRCA2突变携带者接受卵巢切除术对癌症发病风险和死亡风险的影响【原文下载】

目的:


本研究旨在评估不同年龄的BRCA1或BRCA2突变携带者接受卵巢切除术后,其卵巢癌、输卵管癌或腹膜癌风险下降的幅度;评估预防性卵巢切除术对全因死亡风险的作用;评估本队列人群临床诊断为卵巢癌、隐匿性癌症和腹膜癌后的5年生存。

患者和方法:

国际注册队列,所有女性均为BRCA1或BRCA2突变携带者;5783名妇女完成了基线问卷调查,随访期间完成≥1份问卷。所有参与者均纳入本研究的统计,直至确诊卵巢癌、输卵管癌或腹膜癌、死亡或完成最近一次随访。利用时间依赖性生存分析,对卵巢切除术相关癌症发病率、全因死亡率的风险比(HRs)进行计算。

结果:

平均随访5.6年期间,共有186人确诊为以上三种癌症,其中卵巢癌132人,输卵管癌22人,腹膜癌32人,其中68人死亡。双侧卵巢切除后出现卵巢癌、输卵管癌或腹膜癌的发病HRs为0.20。对于基线无患癌史的妇女,其70岁时,卵巢切除术相关的全因死亡HRs为0.23。

结论:

对于BRCA1或BRCA2突变携带者,预防性卵巢切除术与卵巢癌、输卵管癌或腹膜癌发病风险下降80%有关,并与全因死亡风险下降77%有关。

不同的观点:

美国宾州大学研究小组在JNCI发表系统性评价文章,指出“手术并非高风险妇女的唯一选择”。他们通过对44篇文献进行meta分析,证实对于BRCA1或BRCA2突变携带者,输卵管结扎、母乳喂养和服用避孕药等均有助降低卵巢癌风险。吸烟则增加这些人群的患癌风险。

原始出处:

Finch AP1, Lubinski J1, Møller P1, Singer CF1, Karlan B1, Senter L1, Rosen B1, Maehle L1, Ghadirian P1, Cybulski C1, Huzarski T1, Eisen A1, Foulkes WD1, Kim-Sing C1, Ainsworth P1, Tung N1, Lynch HT1, Neuhausen S1, Metcalfe KA1, Thompson I1, Murphy J1, Sun P1, Narod SA2.Impact of Oophorectomy on Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Women With a BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutation.J Clin Oncol. 2014 May 20;32(15):1547-53. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2013.53.2820. Epub 2014 Feb 24.【原文下载】

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    2015-01-20 lidong40
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5月9日Science杂志上公布的一项成果,报道了一位43岁女性癌症患者绝处逢生的故事,这位患者患有晚期癌症,尽管进行了化疗治疗,但其癌细胞还是从她的胆管扩散到肝脏和肺部区域。 来自美国国家癌症研究所的研究人员对这位患者的基因组进行了测序,从她的免疫系统中找到了那些能攻击癌细胞中一个特殊突变的细胞,然后在实验室中培养这些免疫细胞,并将培养后的上亿个细胞注入回患者血液中

Sci Signal:化疗时机是抗癌成功的关键

MIT的研究人员开发了一种智能纳米颗粒,不仅能够实现双药递送,还能够控制两种药物的释放时机。这一技术可以实现两步走的抗癌策略,先瓦解肿瘤细胞的防御,以便更有效的破坏它们的DNA。研究显示,上述治疗方式显著缩小了小鼠的肺部肿瘤和乳腺肿瘤。 这项由Michael Yaffe教授和Paula Hammond教授共同领导的研究,登上了本期Science Signaling杂志的封面。

NEJM:股白肿病例 — 警惕血栓背后隐藏的癌症

该文为NEJM杂志近期发表的一例因隐匿性癌症造成的股白肿病例报道,在此与诸位读者分享。 图1  病情、检查及相关治疗 患者,男,55岁,因右下肢疼痛肿胀入急诊治疗。患者3天前无创伤诱因,突发右足及右侧小腿肿胀;肿胀症状逐渐恶化并影响到右侧大腿,且伴右足及右侧小腿疼痛。加倍托拉塞米剂量,无效。患者入院右足脚趾皮肤灰暗变色(图1)。 患者既往有肥胖症、

Science:用识别突变株的T细胞来抗癌

据一项新的报告显示,对肿瘤细胞所表达的一种突变能特异性识别的T细胞在一个罹患上皮细胞癌的病人中显示了抗癌活性。 恶性肿瘤有着基因改变——过继性T细胞治疗就是利用了其中的某个特征。过继性T细胞疗法指的是那些在体外增加免疫衍生细胞——如淋巴细胞——的数目并接着将这些细胞转移回病人体内以增进其免疫力的疗法。 最近,随着对某些带有特定突变的恶性肿瘤的了解,科学家们制备了能特异性识别这些突变的T细胞--