有睡眠呼吸暂停者怎样降压?特殊类型高血压专家建议

2020-07-27 文韬 中国循环杂志

在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者中,有83%的人为顽固性高血压。治疗这部分患者,一方面要纠正导致睡眠呼吸暂停或使之加重的基础疾病,如甲状腺功能减低等。也要注意生活方式改变。

在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者中,有83%的人为顽固性高血压。治疗这部分患者,一方面要纠正导致睡眠呼吸暂停或使之加重的基础疾病,如甲状腺功能减低等。也要注意生活方式改变,包括减肥、戒烟、戒酒、日间避免过于劳累。特别是要慎用镇静催眠药、侧位睡眠等。

对于中重度患者,可使用无创气道正压通气治疗。普通及智能型 CPAP通气(最为常用);双水平气道正压(BiPAP)通气,有二氧化碳潴留明显者建议使用。可由非杓型或者反杓型恢复杓型。

对于睡眠呼吸暂停合并高血压的药物降压治疗,选择降压药应注意以下问题:

(1)首先考虑 24小时长效降压,对夜间血压增高的患者,可在睡前服用一种肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂,如 ACEI、ARB。

要考虑药物对睡眠各阶段的降压作用: 钙拮抗剂对睡眠呼吸暂停程度无影响。

睡眠呼吸暂停患者存在肾素血管紧张素系统过度激活的现象, ACEI或ARB不仅能够明显降低血压,且有改善患者呼吸暂停及睡眠结构作用。

(2)由于睡眠呼吸暂停患者经常合并血脂、血糖异常,除应注意控制上述危险因素外,还要考虑药物对代谢方面的影响。

(3)避免使用的降压药物包括:

中枢性降压药物:不选择具有中枢镇静作用的降压药物,以免加重呼吸暂停,如利血平、可乐定等。

非选择性β受体阻滞剂:睡眠呼吸暂停患者呼吸暂停和低氧血症可致潜水样反射,激活心脏迷走神经反射,引起心动过缓,甚至心脏停搏,故β受体阻滞剂应避免使用;同时对有明显气道阻塞的患者在使用β受体阻滞剂时也应慎重。

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    2020-07-27 北戴河

    高血压患者的健康教育也很重要,提高他们对高血压疾病的重视

    0

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