经肛门内镜微创手术用途广

2018-06-14 傅谭娉 李汀 健康报医生频道

北京协和医院基本外科自2006年起率先在内地开展了经肛门内镜微创手术(TEM),用于治疗良、恶性直肠病变500多例,临床实践证明TEM治疗适合局部切除的直肠局限性肿瘤,且安全有效。

北京协和医院 傅谭娉  李汀

北京协和医院基本外科自2006年起率先在内地开展了经肛门内镜微创手术(TEM),用于治疗良、恶性直肠病变500多例,临床实践证明TEM治疗适合局部切除的直肠局限性肿瘤,且安全有效。

传统的直肠局部切除术通过撑开肛门进入直肠操作。这种术式遭遇距肛门5厘米以上的病变就会面临手术视野显露差、操作空间有限、精准切除难度高的问题。TEM技术从肛门插入独特的单孔内镜系统,术者通过双目镜展现的放大3~6倍的三维立体视野或内镜成像系统显示器画面,运用精密器械直达病变,精准完成切除、止血、缝合等系列操作,大大提高了直肠局部切除术的质量。TEM技术利用人体自然腔道肛门进行操作,具有风险低、出血少、创伤小、疼痛轻、恢复快的优势。

EM技术最初仅用于直肠腺瘤这种良性病变的切除。协和基本外科邱辉忠、林国乐教授团队创新性地将该技术运用于各种适合局部切除的恶性直肠局限性肿瘤。目前已成功运用TEM切除直肠腺瘤癌变58例、早期直肠癌84例、直肠神经内分泌肿瘤(NET)116例以及直肠间质瘤(GIST)20例,还在国际上率先采用TEM探索切除直肠恶性黑色素瘤2例,所有病变的手术切缘经病理学检查均呈阴性,未发现有病变残留。临床实践累计的大宗报道回顾性证实了这一探索的有效性和安全性。

该院还将其应用于进展期直肠癌患者的个体化治疗,为某些有强烈保肛意愿、不愿意接受根治性大手术的直肠癌患者带来了福音,使这些患者免受大手术的创伤,在保证治疗效果的前提下,整体提高了患者的生存质量。林国乐教授介绍,协和已成功探索20例运用TEM技术,局部全层切除经术前放化疗效果极佳、达到临床完全缓解状态的中下段直肠癌患者,精准评估新辅助治疗效果。对于那些TEM术后病理证实完全缓解的病例再采取“等待和观察”的策略,避免了不必要的传统大手术,保留了直肠功能,大大改善了患者的生存质量。

TEM技术操作难度大,对术者技术要求高。在单一孔镜下的腔内连续缝合是其核心技术,也是最大的难点。林国乐教授凭借丰富的临床操作经验,将TEM技术巧妙应用于复发性直肠阴道瘘的修补,让2例久治不愈、痛苦不堪的患者恢复正常生活。

协和团队出版了《经肛门内镜微创手术》著作1部,参与编写了《结直肠癌诊断与治疗标准》和《内镜诊疗技术规范》中的TEM章节,还重点参与制定《TEM技术专家共识(2016版)》,推动了我国在TEM手术适应证、禁忌证、术前评估、手术技术、并发症管理和随访的规范化。

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    2018-08-20 hxj0127
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    2018-06-16 docwu2019
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    2018-06-16 vera_1203
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    2018-06-14 天地飞扬

    了解一下.谢谢分享!

    0