J Immunother Cancer: 免疫检查点抑制剂相关心肌炎患者的临床特征、时间病程、治疗和结局

2021-06-24 yd2015 MedSci原创

常规肌钙蛋白监测可能有助于预测肿瘤患者早期应用ICI治疗时的死亡率。早期发现肌钙蛋白升高有助于早期干预和改善ICI相关性心肌炎预后。

免疫检查点抑制剂(ICI)已成为多种实体肿瘤的一线治疗方法。随着这些药物的广泛使用,免疫相关毒性越来越被认识到,包括致命的心肌炎。关于ICI相关心肌炎的预后和预后相关标志物的数据比较有限。因此,来自美国的研究团队在Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer杂志上发表了一项回顾性研究,目的是研究肿瘤患者使用ICIs治疗时,心肌细胞损伤的临床生物标志物与死亡率之间的关系。

该研究为回顾性研究,纳入23例患者,其接受ICI治疗后出现有症状和无症状的肌钙蛋白升高。获得连续的心电图、肌钙蛋白I和CK-MB,以及其他传统的临床指标,然后比较存活者与死亡患者的变量。纳入的23例可评估免疫相关毒性患者中,其中15例诊断为ICI相关心肌炎,其他8例为其他原因引起肌钙蛋白升高,比如急性冠脉综合征心衰加重等。常用ICI的肿瘤为黑色素瘤 (n=9),非小细胞肺癌(n=3)和鳞状细胞癌(n=2)。最常见的合并症为高血压(93.3%)、高脂血症(40%)、冠状动脉疾病(33.3%)、心房纤颤(26.6%)、心肌梗死史(26.6%),周围血管疾病(20%)、肺栓塞史(13.3%)、慢性肾脏疾病(13.3%)、甲状腺功能减退(13.3%)和糖尿病(6.6%)。

严重心肌炎组和亚临床心肌炎组中位治疗至症状出现的时间分别为31天 (IQR 18.5–116)和51.5天(IQR 37.75–88)。呼吸困难是最常见的症状,两组分别为45.5%和75%。

在心肌炎患者中,高肌钙蛋白I (p=0.037)和CK- MB (p=0.034)水平的表现与严重心肌炎的进展相关。较高的肌钙蛋白I (p=0.016)、CK (p=0.013)和CK- MB (p=0.034)水平与死亡率增加相关,而出现晚期房室传导阻滞(p=0.088)有增加死亡率的趋势。每周的肌钙蛋白监测可使得潜在心肌炎患者尽早住院治疗(p=0.022),缩短类固醇激素开始治疗的时间(p=0.053)以及和预后的改善有关。

               临床指标

90天随访时,ROC曲线确定临界点,肌钙蛋白定义为3.73 ng/mL(敏感性:100%,特异性:91%);CK为1153 U/L(敏感性75%,特异性90%);CK- MB为99 ng/ mL(敏感性:100%,特异性:88%)。肌钙蛋白≥3.73 ng/mL的患者在90天随访时出现心肌炎相关死亡风险显著增加(HR 10.34, 95% CI 1.07-100, p=0.044)。 CK ≥1153 U/L的患者 (HR 4.26, 95% CI 0.60 ~ 30 p=0.115)和CK- MB ≥99 ng/ mL (HR 5.18, 95% CI 0.70 ~ 38.2, p=0.106)也有增加死亡率的趋势,但没有统计学意义。

              90天死亡率比较

进行严重ICI相关心肌炎、ICI相关亚临床心肌炎和其他ICI相关心脏毒性组的90天总生存率和全因死亡率比较;发现严重ICI相关心肌炎患者的中位生存期为75天,三组之间的90天总生存期无统计学意义(p=0.180)。

      不同分组的90天死亡比较

综上,常规肌钙蛋白监测可能有助于预测肿瘤患者早期应用ICI治疗时的死亡率。早期发现肌钙蛋白升高有助于早期干预和改善ICI相关性心肌炎预后。

原始出处:

Igor Puzanov, Poornima Subramanian, Yan V Yatsynovich, et al. Clinical characteristics, time course, treatment and outcomes of patients with immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis. J Immunother Cancer. 2021 Jun;9(6):e002553.  doi: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002553.

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    2022-04-19 jklm09
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    2021-06-25 JZ Yang

    肌钙蛋白监测

    0

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    2021-06-24 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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