Nat Commun:家族性癌症可能与基因缺陷存在关联

2015-09-29 佚名 生物谷

几年前,西班牙癌症研究中心(CNIO)的人类遗传学组主任Javier Benítez,接到了从普尔塔-耶罗大学医院的心脏病学单位的一位医生打来的电话。这个医生正在治疗患有罕见的癌症的两兄弟。这两人都患有心脏血管肉瘤(CAS)。遗传学专家能做些什么吗?当时他们进行的一些尝试并不成功。他们不得不等待现代基因组分析技术来发现兄弟们的遗传问题。最新的研究发现在蛋白POT1的编码基因上面的突变会导致家族性的

几年前,西班牙癌症研究中心(CNIO)的人类遗传学组主任Javier Benítez,接到了从普尔塔-耶罗大学医院的心脏病学单位的一位医生打来的电话。这个医生正在治疗患有罕见的癌症的两兄弟。这两人都患有心脏血管肉瘤(CAS)。遗传学专家能做些什么吗?当时他们进行的一些尝试并不成功。他们不得不等待现代基因组分析技术来发现兄弟们的遗传问题。最新的研究发现在蛋白POT1的编码基因上面的突变会导致家族性的心血管肉瘤,并往往伴随着其他类型的癌症。相关研究发表在Nature Communications上。

Javier Benítez的研究组最近又重新评估了患有心脏血管肉瘤的这两兄弟。在他们的外显子测序后发现,这种病的病因与POT1蛋白的编码基因上的突变有关。POT1是一种与端粒和端粒酶相关的蛋白质。这个蛋白参与了染色体末端的端粒的保护性复合体,而且它最近被确定与另两种遗传性肿瘤(恶性黑色素瘤和家族性胶质瘤)存在关联。该CNIO的另外两个科学家(Carlos López-Otín和Elías Campo)带领的课题组,则第一次描述了POT1蛋白的编码基因上的突变可能是慢性淋巴细胞白血病的诱因。

心脏血管肉瘤是一种罕见的恶性疾病。对于遗传性的心血管肉瘤,存活期的中位数是四个月,因为该疾病被诊断的时候已经是属于晚期了。在此之前,还没有相关的基因已被确定。西班牙的研究人员还发现,遗传性心血管肉瘤发生的家族,往往会伴随着其他类型的癌症,这类似于那些患有Li-Fraumeni综合征的患者。Li-Fraumeni综合征的诱因是抑癌基因p53。然而在家族性心血管肉瘤中,是POT1的编码基因的突变成为了癌症的诱因。在这个案例中,突变发生在POT11蛋白的编码基因的高度保守区域,因此这是非常重要的。他们的进行相关的突变后蛋白的结构建模,他们认为突变基因产生的蛋白质不能够结合端粒上面。这会进一步导致基因组不稳定性,从而成为了癌症的重要诱因。研究人员还在试图构建这种突变的动物模型,希望利用这样的动物模型来帮助他们找到新的治疗方法。

这个研究还指出了,该基因的突变导致了家族性的多种癌症(包括心血管肉瘤)的发生。这说明了这个POT1蛋白的编码基因的突变的影响非常巨大。这项研究将为以后的癌症研究开辟一个新途径,即确定了心血管肉瘤相关的家族性基因突变。家庭成员将可以受益于早期诊断和适当的治疗,来延长患上心血管肉瘤的生存期。而另外的研究则关注非家族性的心血管肉瘤中,这个POT1相关的编码基因的突变扮演了怎样的角色。

原文出处:

Oriol Calvete,Paula Martinez,et al,A mutation in the POT1 gene is responsible for cardiac angiosarcoma in TP53-negative Li–Fraumeni-like families.Nature Communications.2015

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    2016-08-16 liye789132251
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    2015-10-01 wetgdt