JAMA:CPAP可降低持续性高血压合并鼾症患者血压水平

2013-12-27 dyylucky dxy

研究要点:1.70%以上持续性高血压患者存在阻塞性呼吸睡眠暂停,但是关于持续气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗对持续性高血压患者血压的作用,研究证据却少之又少。2.这项研究为“HIPARCO随机临床试验”,旨在评估CPAP治疗对于持续性高血压合并OSA患者血压值和夜间血压节律的作用。3.结果显示,在患OSA合并持续性高血压的患者中,CPAP治疗12周可导致24小时平均血压、舒张压及收缩压的下降以及夜

研究要点:


1.70%以上持续性高血压患者存在阻塞性呼吸睡眠暂停,但是关于持续气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗对持续性高血压患者血压的作用,研究证据却少之又少。

2.这项研究为“HIPARCO随机临床试验”,旨在评估CPAP治疗对于持续性高血压合并OSA患者血压值和夜间血压节律的作用。

3.结果显示,在患OSA合并持续性高血压的患者中,CPAP治疗12周可导致24小时平均血压、舒张压及收缩压的下降以及夜间血压节律的改善。

70%以上的持续性高血压患者存在阻塞性呼吸睡眠暂停(OSA),但是关于持续气道正压通气(CPAP)治疗对持续性高血压患者血压的作用,研究证据却少之又少。针对这种情况,为了评估CPAP治疗对于持续性高血压和OSA患者血压值和夜间血压节律的作用,来自西班牙的Miguel-Angel Mart.nez-Garcla博士等人进行了一项研究,研究结果发表于2013年12月11日的JAMA杂志上。作者发现CPAP可降低OSA及持续性高血压患者的血压水平。

这项研究为“HIPARCO随机临床试验”,研究人员纳入194名持续性高血压且呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)为15或更高的患者。在为期12周的时间内,在保持常规药物降压治疗的基础上,194名患者被随机指定接受CPAP或不接受CPAP治疗。主要终点事件是12周后24小时平均血压的变化。次要终点事件包括其它血压值的变化及夜间血压节律的变化。研究人员同时进行了意向治疗(ITT)分析和个案分析。

在194名受试者中,平均呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)为40.4,平均每位患者服用3.8种抗高血压药物。24小时平均血压的基线为103.4mmHg;收缩压为144.2mmHg;舒张压为83mmHg。在基线上,25.8%的患者显示出昼夜节律(平均夜间血压与平均白昼血压相比至少有10%的下降)。每天用CPAP 4个小时或更长时间的患者百分比为72.4%。用ITT对研究期间血压的变化进行组间比较,与对照组相比,CPAP组24小时平均血压及24小时DBP的下降更为明显,但24小时SBP则两组相当。

此外,12周的随访研究中显示出夜间血压存在昼夜节律的患者百分比在CPAP组比对照组中更大。CPAP的使用时间与24小时平均血压、SBP及DBP的减少之间明显呈正相关。

该研究发现,在持续性高血压合并OSH的患者中,CPAP治疗12周可导致24小时平均血压、舒张压及收缩压的下降以及夜间血压节律的改善。仍需进一步研究来评估其长期健康结果。

研究背景:

12%至27%的高血压患者需要至少三种抗高血压药物来适当控制血压,这些患者被认为患有持续性高血压。持续性高血压患者出现心血管事件的概率比非持续性高血压的高血压患者高50%,并且持续性高血压的出现概率正在增加。阻塞性呼吸睡眠障碍(OSA)出现在中年人群总体的4%-6%中,并随年龄增加。它以夜间上呼吸道的反复塌陷为特征,引起间断性低氧血症和睡眠障碍, 从而导致神经心血管疾病发病率升高。

近期研究显示,OSA可能导致血压控制不良,并且很大百分比(>70%)的持续性高血压患者存在OSA。因此,国际指南目前将OSA确认为持续性高血压最常见的危险因素之一。持续气道正压通气(CPAP)是严重的或有症状的OSA的可供选择的治疗方法之一。

一项meta分析显示,CPAP治疗可使血压水平出现临床有效的降低,但这种积极效果在持续性高血压患者身上是否显著尚不清楚,因为有关这一问题的研究尚且缺乏,并且均基于单中心研究。此研究的目的是进行一项随机、多中心临床试验,从而评估CPAP治疗对持续性高血压和OSA患者血压值和夜间血压节律的效果。

原文出处:

Martínez-García MA, Capote F, Campos-Rodríguez F, Lloberes P, Díaz de Atauri MJ, Somoza M, Masa JF, González M, Sacristán L, Barbé F, Durán-Cantolla J, Aizpuru F, Mañas E, Barreiro B, Mosteiro M, Cebrián JJ, de la Peña M, García-Río F, Maimó A, Zapater J, Hernández C, Grau SanMarti N, Montserrat JM; Spanish Sleep Network.Effect of CPAP on blood pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and resistant hypertension: the HIPARCO randomized clinical trial.JAMA. 2013 Dec 11;310(22):2407-15. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.281250.

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