Nat Neurosci:基于单细胞RNA测序描绘肠神经元种类的多样化

2020-12-13 Bio生物世界 Bio生物世界

胃肠道的自主功能需要肠神经系统功能不同的神经元的联合活动。然而,肠道神经元多样性的范围和它是如何出现在发展过程中的仍然未知。

胃肠道的自主功能需要肠神经系统功能不同的神经元的联合活动。然而,肠道神经元多样性的范围和它是如何出现在发展过程中的仍然未知。

为此,瑞典卡罗林斯卡医学院的Marklund Ulrika团队,通过单细胞RNA测序技术对小鼠小肠肌肠丛内的肠神经元开展相关研究,了解肠道神经元种类的多样化。

这项最新研究结果以:为题,于12月7日在线发表在了 Nature Neuroscience 杂志上期刊。

研究内容与结果

研究人员认为先前报道神经元的数量不足以代表肠道神经系统(ENS)整个范围的神经元多样性。为了丰富神经元比例,研究人员利用泛神经元Baf53b-Cre19小鼠与R26R-Tomato报告小鼠交配,特异性和有效地标记肠内神经元。在小肠不同区域的肌肠丛中,量化了神经元标记物HUC/D和肠胶质细胞标记物SOX2/SOX10的TOM报告基因的共表达。流式细胞术对TOM +细胞进行分类,10x RNA测序进行单细胞分析。

在捕获的9,141个细胞中,研究人员保留了总共600个唯一分子标识的细胞(UMI)计数来评估数据集中神经元的比例。最后保留了4892个高质量的肠神经元用于无监督的基于图论的聚类,产生了12个肠神经元类别(ENC)。新分类确认了4个先前发现的集群,重新定义了6个集群,并确定了2个新的集群。

研究人员发现,在这12个肠道神经系统(ENS)中,每一个都有高度富集的基因。有的是由单个基因的选择性表达来定义的,有的则是两个或多个基因的组合。相同的基因也可以在不同的肠神经元类别(ENC)中共享,在不同的肠神经元类别(ENC)中表达也可以不同。

接下来,研究人员将新的ENS分类与先前发现的功能性肠神经元类型的特征联系起来。ENC一般由功能类型相同的细胞组成。例如,ENC1-4被认定为兴奋性运动神经元,而ENC8和9则抑制运动神经元等。基因图谱显示了几种附加的具有类别特异性表达的神经活性物质。

突触的输入-输出通信是神经元类型之间的基本区别,是由连接、反应和神经递质/肽的释放所决定的。研究人员因此探索了控制这些功能的基因家族,发现了ENCs之间的差异表达。对肠道神经递质/肽的反应表现为类别特异性。例如,谷氨酸受体Grm5在ENC7中选择性表达,而生长抑素和Npy受体Sstr5和Npy5r则局限于ENC12.ENC6选择性地表达了最近与免疫细胞肠道控制相关的信号转导因子/调节剂等。ENCs还显示出独特的粘附分子组合,这可能决定了它们精确的连接模式。

综上所述,赋予神经元特性的基因选择性表达强烈支持了ENC1-12代表功能上不同的神经元。

研究人员确定,大部分富集基因家族可根据其转录、黏附和信号转导活性进行分类。参与组织受体/通道/囊泡膜分布(通讯特征)的蛋白质有助于神经元亚型的特异性特征划分。

接下来,为了验证体内肠道神经元不同类别的存在,研究人员对小鼠小肠进行了免疫组化检测。根据新定义的ENCs,总共分析了23种蛋白质。实验结果发现,不同蛋白质的表达组合可以定义ENC类别(离散运动神经元、感觉神经元和中间神经元),例如5-HT(5-羟色胺)在ENC12神经元的一个子集中被鉴定。

随后,研究人员利用Nmu-Cre和Cck-IRES-Cre小鼠与特异性标记物确定,神经元ENC6和ENC12亚群表现出形态学和投影上的IPAN(内源性初级传入神经元)特征。

为了了解ENC1-12形成的一般和特异性分化过程,研究人员在胎龄E15.5和E18.5处对从Wnt1Cre-R26肿瘤小肠分离的整个ENS进行了scRNA序列分析,当时大多数肌间神经元类型已经生成。

对这些广泛的细胞状态的差异表达分析发现,转录和信号转导基因可能在干细胞维持、神经发生、神经元分化、SCP和肠胶质细胞中发挥作用。Notch信号通路似乎与调控基本ENS的发展密切相关。成神经细胞显示出各种染色质修饰剂(Baz1a,Tox3,Bcl11b)的丰富表达,这些表达可能执行与祖细胞分化为神经元相关的巨大转录变化。

胚胎ENS的转录组分析揭示了有丝分裂后的多样化原则,其中只有ENC1或ENC8表型特征是通过干细胞神经系统发育而来的,其他亚型特征通过随后的分化形成。

研究人员注意到ENC8/9和ENC12之间有一个边界,说明获得ENC8/9早期性状的神经元可以转化为ENC12神经元,且Pbx3表达与过渡点相关。因此,为了评估Pbx3在ENS发育中的作用,研究分析了Pbx3 -/-突变小鼠的肠道。发现Pbx3缺失并不影响肠增殖或神经发生的一般程序。PBX3抑制ENC8/9表型,允许或诱导ENC12表型的分化。

总的来说,本研究为剖析人肠道神经系统(ENS)回路提供了概念和分子资源,并预测了不同肠神经元类别定向分化的关键调控因子。同时也为治疗肠道疾病提供了理论支撑。

原始出处:

Morarach, K., Mikhailova, A., Knoflach, V. et al. Diversification of molecularly defined myenteric neuron classes revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. Nat Neurosci (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-020-00736-x.

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    2021-05-11 liye789132251
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    2020-12-16 ms7000000332626516

    学习了

    0

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    2020-12-15 lsndxfj
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    2020-12-14 1361fc5d0em

    学习

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    2020-12-13 1361fc5d0em

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    2020-12-13 ms2000001051330459

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