Nature Review:抗癌药物新靶标——mRNA

2015-04-08 佚名 生物谷

当今大多数抗癌药物作用机理是靶向肿瘤细胞的DNA或蛋白质,而加州大学伯克利分校的科学家们最近推出了一整套新的潜在目标:DNA和蛋白质之间的中介物质-mRNA。 mRNA在细胞核中转录形成,而后被编辑、穿梭到细胞质中蛋白质制造工厂——核糖体。大多数科学家认为这些分子除了有其独特的序列外,并没有作为药物针对目标的显著特点。但是,加州大学伯克利分校研究人员发现,mRNA中有一小部分编码一些与癌症有

当今大多数抗癌药物作用机理是靶向肿瘤细胞的DNA或蛋白质,而加州大学伯克利分校的科学家们最近推出了一整套新的潜在目标:DNA和蛋白质之间的中介物质-mRNA。

mRNA在细胞核中转录形成,而后被编辑、穿梭到细胞质中蛋白质制造工厂——核糖体。大多数科学家认为这些分子除了有其独特的序列外,并没有作为药物针对目标的显著特点。但是,加州大学伯克利分校研究人员发现,mRNA中有一小部分编码一些与癌症有某种联系的蛋白质,并且这些mRNA都有独特标签——这些短RNA标记能绑定到蛋白质eIF3(真核细胞起始因子3,调节核糖体内蛋白翻译),这使得mRNA上的结合位点成为了一种很有潜力的药物靶标。研究人员表示如果设计出一些小的分子可能破坏或稳定这种mRNA与eIF3之间的作用(某些标记 能开启mRNA翻译,有些却能关闭翻译功能),我们就可以控制细胞生长的方式。这项新的研究结果将被在线发表在Nature。

如果细胞合成蛋白质的能力出现了混乱,那你可能就有患癌症的风险,因为蛋白质合成处于失控状态。这些蛋白质本不应该是激活的,如此下来,将会过度刺激细胞。

蛋白质eIF3是翻译起始复合物的一种组分,并且本身由13个蛋白质亚基组成。它调节mRNA翻译成蛋白质,同时稳定复合物的结构。eIF3的过表达也被发现与乳腺癌,前列腺癌和食道癌相关。研究人员在典型的人类细胞中找到了10000种mRNA,通过测序,四处寻找eIF3结合位点。他们发现其中479种mRNA——占细胞中mRNA的3%左右,结合到eIF3,而其中许多mRNA似乎在细胞中有着相似的作用。当研究人员仔细观察这些mRNA的生物学功能,他们发现,有一个重点是在癌症进程中会失调的过程,涉及细胞周期、细胞骨架、程序性细胞凋亡、细胞生长和分化等过程。

研究人员表示或许可以通过操纵这些结合来阻止肿瘤的浸润性生长。这个发现将为针对mRNA结合区域的新可能的抗癌疗法打开大门。

原始出处:

Mamatha Bhat,Nathaniel Robichaud,Laura Hulea,Nahum Sonenberg,Jerry Pelletier& Ivan Topisirovic.Targeting the translation machinery in cancer[J].Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, March 6, 2015(14), 261–278; doi:10.1038/nrd4505

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    2015-09-10 xugumin
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    2015-11-15 liye789132251
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    2015-04-10 sunylz
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    2015-04-10 zhaojie88

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