JAMA Neurology:COVID-19 患者嗅觉组织存在轴突损伤和微血管病变

2022-04-20 影像小生 MedSci原创

COVID-19 感染与嗅觉组织中的轴突损伤和微血管病变有关。

SARS-CoV-2感染引起的COVID-19影响了全球许多人的生命。感染SARS-CoV-2的患者临床表现广泛,从无症状感染到致命疾病。除呼吸系统疾病外,还报告了COVID-19的各种非呼吸系统表现。最常见的非呼吸系统症状之一是嗅觉功能障碍。据报道,不同严重程度的嗅觉功能障碍,包括嗅觉丧失、嗅觉减退和嗅觉异常,影响了30% - 70%COVID-19患者。嗅觉功能障碍发生在感染的早期,与疾病严重程度或病毒载量没有直接联系。在一项研究中,它被记录为大约12%的患者的第一症状,在大多数情况下,症状会在34周内自行消失。然而,仍有一部分患者在感染后12个月出现了持续性的嗅觉损伤,提示嗅觉系统损伤可能是严重的或永久性的。

嗅觉丧失是 COVID-19 感染的早期常见表现。尽管有人推测嗅觉神经元的病毒感染可能是罪魁祸首,但尚不清楚病毒感染是否会导致嗅球区域的损伤。

Cheng-Ying Ho在发表在JAMA Neurology杂志发表的题为Postmortem Assessment of Olfactory Tissue Degeneration and Microvasculopathy in Patients With COVID-19的尸检研究中描述了与 COVID-19 感染相关的嗅觉病理学特征。

这项多中心尸检队列研究包括已故的 COVID-19 患者和对照组。从已故的 COVID-19 患者和对照中收集嗅球和嗅道组织。通过组织病理学、电子显微镜、液滴数字聚合酶链反应及免疫荧光/免疫组织化学研究分析(1) 退化的严重程度,(2) 嗅觉轴突的丧失,以及 (3) 嗅觉组织中微血管病变的严重程度。

该研究共纳入 23 名已故 COVID-19 患者(中位 [IQR] 年龄,62 [49-69] 岁;14 名男性 [60.9%])和 14 名对照个体(中位 [IQR] 年龄,53.5 [33.25-65])的嗅觉组织;

与对照组相比,COVID-19患者的嗅觉轴突病理、轴突丢失和微血管病变明显更差

1.       COVID-19 患者的平均 (SD) 轴突病理学评分(范围 1-3)为 1.921 (0.569),对照组为 1.198 (0.208) (P < 0.001)

2.       COVID-19 患者轴突密度为 2.973 (0.963) × 104 /mm2 ,对照组中为 3.867 (0.670) × 104/mm2 (P = 0.002)

3.       在嗅觉组织中有伴随的微血管内皮损伤COVID-19 患者的平均 (SD) 微血管病变评分(范围 1-3)为 1.907 (0.490),对照组为 1.405 (0.233) (P < .001)

4.       气味改变的 COVID-19 患者的轴突和微血管病理学均比气味完整的患者更严重(平均 [SD] 轴突病理学评分,2.260 [0.457] vs 1.63 [0.426]P = 0.002;平均 [SD]微血管病变评分,2.154 [0.528] vs 1.694 [0.329]P = 0.02),但与临床严重程度、感染时间或病毒存在无关。

该研究发现,COVID-19 感染与嗅觉组织中的轴突损伤和微血管病变有关

原文出处

Ho C, Salimian M, Hegert J, et al. Postmortem Assessment of Olfactory Tissue Degeneration and Microvasculopathy in Patients With COVID-19. JAMA Neurol. Published online April 11, 2022. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.0154

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2790735

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    2023-01-31 yinhl1978
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    2022-04-14 mgqwxj
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    2022-04-12 肿瘤克星

    JAMA上文章都是顶级的,谢谢梅斯及时上新

    0

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