Cell:止痛药有助抑制记忆丧失

2013-12-10 杨济华 中国科学报

医用大麻可以减轻疼痛和恶心,但它也可以导致注意力下降和记忆力丧失。一项对小鼠的最新研究发现:服用非处方止痛药如布洛芬,可能有助于抑制这些副作用。 几百年来,人们利用大麻治疗慢性疼痛、多发性硬化症和癫痫等多种疾病。在老鼠身上的研究表明:它可以减少一些表现在阿尔茨海默氏症上的神经损害。其中对神经起特殊作用的主要成分为四氢大麻酚(THC),这是一种经美国食品和药物监督管理局批准的用于治疗艾滋病患者神经

医用大麻可以减轻疼痛和恶心,但它也可以导致注意力下降和记忆力丧失。一项对小鼠的最新研究发现:服用非处方止痛药如布洛芬,可能有助于抑制这些副作用。

几百年来,人们利用大麻治疗慢性疼痛、多发性硬化症和癫痫等多种疾病。在老鼠身上的研究表明:它可以减少一些表现在阿尔茨海默氏症上的神经损害。其中对神经起特殊作用的主要成分为四氢大麻酚(THC),这是一种经美国食品和药物监督管理局批准的用于治疗艾滋病患者神经性厌食症以及因化疗引起的恶心的药物成分。虽然娱乐性毒品使用者经常吸食大麻,而给病人开具的处方THC一般限定为胶囊的形式。事实上,许多人难以忍受其所带来的副作用。【原文下载

引起这些副作用的确切原因尚不清楚。在大脑中,THC会与被称为CB1和CB2的受体相结合,这两种受体参与神经发育以及疼痛知觉和食欲的形成。这些受体通常由类似的化合物所激活,而化合物则是由人体自身合成的称为内源性大麻素的物质。当这些化合物之一与CB1结合时,它会抑制一种被称为环氧化酶-2(cox-2)的物质的活性。这种酶具有许多功能。例如:像布洛芬和阿司匹林这样的止痛药的工作机理都是通过阻断cox-2来完成的。研究人员推测:抑制cox-2可能导致了THC副作用的产生,例如记忆问题。

然而,这并不是新研究中研究人员所发现的问题。美国新奥尔良路易斯安那州立大学神经学家Chu Chen领导的研究小组发现:给老鼠注射THC后,cox-2的活性增强了。阻止这一活跃行为可以缓解由THC引起的记忆和学习问题。例如:给很难记住水箱中被隐藏起来的平台位置的老鼠在一个星期内每天都注射同一剂量的THC。如果cox-2被阻止的话,注射了THC的老鼠发现平台的速度和正常老鼠一样。这个结果表明,“通过使用cox-2抑制剂,大麻不必要的副作用可以被消除或减少”。作者近日在《细胞》杂志中如是写道。

原文出处

Chen R, Zhang J, Fan N, Teng ZQ, Wu Y, Yang H, Tang YP, Sun H, Song Y, Chen C.Δ(9)-THC-Caused Synaptic and Memory Impairments Are Mediated through COX-2 Signaling.Cell. 2013 Nov 21;【原文下载

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    2014-09-04 维他命
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    2014-01-05 Jennifer

    这个研究有意思,但是COX-2抑制剂会不会有其它不良反应?

    0

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当Jonathan Miller及其同事让7名耐药的脑中植入电极的癫痫患者在虚拟现实中玩一种游戏的时候,研究人员并不只是在款待病人;他们正在尝试更多地了解情节记忆——或是一个人储存并检索与某特定的时间与地点绑定的记忆的能力。【原文下载】 研究曾经显示,脑子的海马含有位置细胞——它们会在某生物体探索其环境时放电——以及一个被称作海马结构的构造,后者会将某些事件与其发生的时间和地点联系在一起。 然