揭示哺乳动物脑大小之谜 母乳有助大脑发育

2011-04-02 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

来源:医学论坛报   在所有哺乳动物中,人类的大脑体积相对于体重来说是最大的。英国科学家研究称,之所以如此是因为人类母亲为繁育后代所付出的时间和精力最为巨大,正因为怀胎九月,哺乳三年,才让人类的大脑体积大大超过其他哺乳动物。   这一结论是英国杜伦大学的人类学家对多种哺乳动物进行分析后得出的。他们分析了包括大猩猩、大象、鲸鱼及人类在内的128种哺乳动物的一系列数据,包括大脑体积、体型大小、孕期

来源:医学论坛报

  在所有哺乳动物中,人类的大脑体积相对于体重来说是最大的。英国科学家研究称,之所以如此是因为人类母亲为繁育后代所付出的时间和精力最为巨大,正因为怀胎九月,哺乳三年,才让人类的大脑体积大大超过其他哺乳动物。

  这一结论是英国杜伦大学的人类学家对多种哺乳动物进行分析后得出的。他们分析了包括大猩猩、大象、鲸鱼及人类在内的128种哺乳动物的一系列数据,包括大脑体积、体型大小、孕期和哺乳期长短、寿命等,结果发现,哺乳动物大脑体积的大小(与体重相比)与母亲为繁育后代所进行的“投入”有着极为密切的关系:孕期越长,哺育期越久,其后代大脑的体积就越大。具体来说,孕期长短决定了后代出生时的大脑体积,而哺乳期长短则决定了后代出生后的大脑发育。

  这一结论有助于解释为什么人类母亲在辛辛苦苦怀胎九月后,还要在婴儿出生后继续哺育其三年。因为只有这样,人类的大脑才会发育到1300立方厘米这样的体积。而相比之下,其他的哺乳动物则没有这么大的大脑。如扁角鹿,其体重与人类大致相同,但母鹿的孕期只有七个月,哺育期也只有六个月,因此其大脑体积也只有220立方厘米,仅为人类大脑的六分之一。

  研究人员指出,这项研究表明,母乳喂养对大脑发育起着重要作用,这也与世界卫生组织提出的在母乳喂养婴儿至两岁或在婴儿可以摄入固态食物后仍应该继续哺乳6个月的建议相一致。

  生殖技术的进步造成了“定时定点”产子这一人类独有的奇观,为了能让孩子在“良辰吉日”出生,剖腹产手术常被滥用。然而,天地万物都有其造化的规律,“怀胎九月,哺乳三年”是人的生命开端所必须的定数,这确保的不仅是人脑的正常体积和发育,其对寿命和心理健康等多方面的影响也已被证实。在孩子人生的起跑线上,还是听天由命,顺其自然的好。(记者 刘海英)

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    2011-04-04 villahu
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    2011-04-04 neurowu
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