J Virol:武汉病毒所在寨卡病毒弱毒疫苗研究中取得进展

2018-07-02 佚名 武汉病毒所

2015年6月伊始,寨卡病毒(Zika Virus,ZIKV)在美洲大规模流行,导致大批婴儿脑发育不全。截至目前,针对ZIKV的感染,尚没有获得授权的疫苗上市,也没有特异性的抗病毒治疗措施。近期,中国科学院武汉病毒研究所研究员王汉中团队成功利用合成工程技术研制出新型ZIKV弱毒疫苗。

2015年6月伊始,寨卡病毒(Zika Virus,ZIKV)在美洲大规模流行,导致大批婴儿脑发育不全。截至目前,针对ZIKV的感染,尚没有获得授权的疫苗上市,也没有特异性的抗病毒治疗措施。近期,中国科学院武汉病毒研究所研究员王汉中团队成功利用合成工程技术研制出新型ZIKV弱毒疫苗。

合成减毒病毒工程技术(synthetic attenuated virus engineering,SAVE),又称为“密码对去优化技术”,在不改变氨基酸种类及尽可能不影响RNA空间结构的情况下,提高病毒基因组中罕见的密码对所占的比例,从而降低病毒的复制翻译效率,使病毒致病性减弱。该技术制备弱毒疫苗具有周期短、安全以及免疫原性强等特点。

研究人员利用反向遗传学操作技术成功拯救出三株致弱的寨卡病毒(Min E, Min NS1和Min E+NS1)。其中Min E+NS1的基因组中引入了2568个同义突变,单次免疫后就可以刺激小鼠产生高滴度中和抗体,诱导产生清除性的免疫,获得完全的攻毒保护,并且可以阻止ZIKV通过母体垂直传播给子代。由于基因组中含有成百上千的同义突变,回复突变的风险极低。

该研究证明利用密码对去优化技术可以将ZIKV高效地致弱,MinE+NS1具有潜力成为一种安全的疫苗候选,预防ZIKV的感染。研究成果在病毒学杂志Journal of Virology上在线发表。该研究得到了国家重点研发计划、国家自然科学基金和中科院青年创新促进会的支持。

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    2018-07-02 Da、plus

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