闹心!肱骨干骨折二次内固定失败

2018-07-05 沈惠良 姜保国 老年骨质疏松骨折

62岁女性患者,因左肱骨干骨折,既往3年中曾两次行切开复位内固定手术。最后一次复查中发现钢板断裂,因对原接诊医院失去信心而转院求诊。简单类型肱骨干骨折的治疗难度并不很大。前两次治疗经过值得反思:一是髓内钉锁钉松动致使固定失效;二是二次手术中大量使用人工骨,值得商榷。应选择何种“可靠”的内固定形式?

62岁女性患者,因左肱骨干骨折,既往3年中曾两次行切开复位内固定手术。最后一次复查中发现钢板断裂,因对原接诊医院失去信心而转院求诊。简单类型肱骨干骨折的治疗难度并不很大。前两次治疗经过值得反思:一是髓内钉锁钉松动致使固定失效;二是二次手术中大量使用人工骨,值得商榷。应选择何种“可靠”的内固定形式?

【病例介绍】

患者,女性,62岁。患者因左肱骨干骨折,既往3年中曾在外院两次行切开复位内固定手术。最后一次复查中发现钢板断裂(图2‐1‐37),因对原接诊医院失去信心而来我院门诊就医,要求治疗。查体:一般情况良好,各项辅助检查正常。左上臂局部轻度肿胀伴压痛,存在可疑异常活动。患者接受的第一次内固定为肱骨髓内钉,术后一年半发现远端锁钉松动,取出髓内钉改为钢板螺钉固定同时局部植入人工骨。目前距二次手术又1年余,钢板断裂。入院诊断为:肱骨干骨折不愈合、钢板疲劳断裂。

图2‐1‐37 再次手术前肱骨正侧位X 线片

诊断要点】

根据患者的既往病史、本次入院体检和X 线片可以明确诊断。

【治疗原则】

原则是更换新的内固定物,处理骨折断端、开放髓腔。必要时将骨干适当短缩以获得断端间的稳定,自体髂骨植骨,采用双钢板固定。术中原切口进入,保护好桡神经,见原骨断端髓腔封闭,少许硬化骨痂,原植入的人工骨周围没有骨组织生成。术中将人工骨尽量去除,处理断端,骨干短缩约1cm。开放髓腔,骨折断端呈斜面,用一枚拉力螺钉固定,然后用一块锁定钢板,一块非锁定钢板固定,检查固定比较稳定可靠,取自体髂骨修成颗粒和条状植骨。术后置引流条48小时。

【随访结果】

术后伤口一期愈合,术后随访4个月见骨痂,但骨干有约10°向外侧成角,术后6个月时患者恢复正常生活,患肢可以从事轻体力劳动(图2‐1‐38)。

【经验教训】

简单类型肱骨干骨折的治疗难度并不很大,但本病例的治疗过程比较特殊。回顾其前两次的治疗经过有几点值得反思,一是髓内钉锁钉松动致使固定失效。肱骨髓内钉远端只有一枚锁钉,在打入过程中应注意尽可能一次成功,避免反复多次钻孔。髓内钉固定长骨干本身就不是坚强固定,存在着微动,若锁钉孔过大,术后骨折块之间和锁钉与钉孔间活动就会过大。如果术中发现锁钉孔过大就应设法采取补救措施,例如跨越骨折线处附加单皮质螺钉的防旋钢板。再有,二次手术中大量使用人工骨,值得商榷。骨折的二次手术本身愈合的条件就不如初次,使用骨移植材料应当充分考虑,尽可能选择有利于骨引导、骨愈合的自体骨。自体髂骨的松质骨内含有较多的干细胞,可以分化为成骨细胞,有利于骨折的尽快愈合,对于促进骨折愈合来讲远优于人工骨。

图2‐1‐38 再次手术4个月后肱骨正侧位X 线片

【专家点评】

该患者的骨折部位为肱骨干中下1/3,一般情况下不论采用髓内钉或钢板螺钉固定均可取得较好的效果。既往的两次手术后患者比较听从医嘱,患肢仅仅是维持日常生活自理,未从事过用力的动作。但两次内固定都失效,且均为同一医师实施治疗,此种情况比较少见。接诊后仔细分析患者有无全身或局部不利于骨折愈合的因素。既往的住院手术资料不全,仔细分析患者最后一次X 线片,可见其骨断端缺乏良好接触,其中跨越骨折线的两孔钢板没有螺钉,钢板成为一“架桥”结构。而且二次手术本身骨骼愈合条件不及第一次手术,而植骨采用人工骨,骨引导能力差,如果骨折不能够在钢板允许的疲劳强度内愈合,容易发生钢板疲劳断裂。患者本次住院仍然抱有积极治疗的意愿,分析全身和局部情况仍然有治愈的条件。但是局部的骨骼已经经过两次手术,强度较低,无论采用何种内固定形式均应强调“可靠”。髓内钉既往已经采用过,若再次采用,主要顾虑是远端锁钉部位的骨骼难以维持较长时间,怕时间长了再次松动。若单纯采用钢板,因为是偏心固定加上已经经历过两次手术,骨骼强度低、稳定性不够。经过科室查房讨论决定采用双钢板螺钉固定。一块采用锁钉钢板,另外一块采用普通有限接触钢板(LCDCP),原来植入的人工骨需要取出,因其对于尽快形成骨诱导不利,更大可能成为不利骨愈合的异物。植骨最好采用自体髂骨,骨断端修整整齐,即使骨干长度有所损失,但为了能够形成良好的骨接触、降低钢板受力,同时缩小骨折间隙、促进骨折尽快愈合也是值得的。

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    2018-07-07 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

    0

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    2018-07-07 shalley68
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2123156, encodeId=5b5021231561d, content=受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=52548616170, createdName=ms7000001589937770, createdTime=Sat Apr 01 18:06:10 CST 2023, time=2023-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=安徽省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1808524, encodeId=2fe41808524ad, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=da658199174' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肱骨干#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81991, encryptionId=da658199174, topicName=肱骨干)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6595338, createdName=xuruicheng, createdTime=Sun Mar 31 15:37:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1821574, encodeId=436018215e448, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=49c210165399' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#骨干骨折#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101653, encryptionId=49c210165399, topicName=骨干骨折)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101296147/72D57F5B3E12B2BB53D6BD015D14DCD6/100, createdBy=a92e2500162, createdName=passed water, createdTime=Thu Nov 08 09:37:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=330039, encodeId=174d330039c4, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Sat Jul 07 19:26:34 CST 2018, time=2018-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1460640, encodeId=a1561460640a1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b08e81986a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肱骨#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81986, encryptionId=b08e81986a8, topicName=肱骨)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=70e46352899, createdName=shalley68, createdTime=Sat Jul 07 06:37:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1546700, encodeId=7af31546e00ab, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2230303e266' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#内固定#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30372, encryptionId=2230303e266, topicName=内固定)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4faa13929419, createdName=41514491@qq.com, createdTime=Sat Jul 07 06:37:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=329777, encodeId=eebe329e7733, content=学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuOgo3iaicb1Imgk1yIfnvr6oXzibcAFB6puAyNJXbzWhNuLqaFYBVRWjh7rghkvFLPxMAfD5ib3nXwVD/0, createdBy=bed21972958, createdName=wxl882001, createdTime=Fri Jul 06 17:59:31 CST 2018, time=2018-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=329565, encodeId=6f7532956523, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Thu Jul 05 19:21:41 CST 2018, time=2018-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2123156, encodeId=5b5021231561d, content=受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=52548616170, createdName=ms7000001589937770, createdTime=Sat Apr 01 18:06:10 CST 2023, time=2023-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=安徽省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1808524, encodeId=2fe41808524ad, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=da658199174' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肱骨干#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81991, encryptionId=da658199174, topicName=肱骨干)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6595338, createdName=xuruicheng, createdTime=Sun Mar 31 15:37:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1821574, encodeId=436018215e448, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=49c210165399' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#骨干骨折#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101653, encryptionId=49c210165399, topicName=骨干骨折)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101296147/72D57F5B3E12B2BB53D6BD015D14DCD6/100, createdBy=a92e2500162, createdName=passed water, createdTime=Thu Nov 08 09:37:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=330039, encodeId=174d330039c4, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Sat Jul 07 19:26:34 CST 2018, time=2018-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1460640, encodeId=a1561460640a1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b08e81986a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肱骨#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81986, encryptionId=b08e81986a8, topicName=肱骨)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=70e46352899, createdName=shalley68, createdTime=Sat Jul 07 06:37:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1546700, encodeId=7af31546e00ab, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2230303e266' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#内固定#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30372, encryptionId=2230303e266, topicName=内固定)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4faa13929419, createdName=41514491@qq.com, createdTime=Sat Jul 07 06:37:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=329777, encodeId=eebe329e7733, content=学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuOgo3iaicb1Imgk1yIfnvr6oXzibcAFB6puAyNJXbzWhNuLqaFYBVRWjh7rghkvFLPxMAfD5ib3nXwVD/0, createdBy=bed21972958, createdName=wxl882001, createdTime=Fri Jul 06 17:59:31 CST 2018, time=2018-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=329565, encodeId=6f7532956523, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Thu Jul 05 19:21:41 CST 2018, time=2018-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-07-06 wxl882001

    学习一下

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2123156, encodeId=5b5021231561d, content=受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=52548616170, createdName=ms7000001589937770, createdTime=Sat Apr 01 18:06:10 CST 2023, time=2023-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=安徽省), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1808524, encodeId=2fe41808524ad, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=da658199174' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肱骨干#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81991, encryptionId=da658199174, topicName=肱骨干)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6595338, createdName=xuruicheng, createdTime=Sun Mar 31 15:37:00 CST 2019, time=2019-03-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1821574, encodeId=436018215e448, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=49c210165399' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#骨干骨折#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=101653, encryptionId=49c210165399, topicName=骨干骨折)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101296147/72D57F5B3E12B2BB53D6BD015D14DCD6/100, createdBy=a92e2500162, createdName=passed water, createdTime=Thu Nov 08 09:37:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=330039, encodeId=174d330039c4, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Sat Jul 07 19:26:34 CST 2018, time=2018-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1460640, encodeId=a1561460640a1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b08e81986a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#肱骨#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=81986, encryptionId=b08e81986a8, topicName=肱骨)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=70e46352899, createdName=shalley68, createdTime=Sat Jul 07 06:37:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1546700, encodeId=7af31546e00ab, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2230303e266' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#内固定#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=30372, encryptionId=2230303e266, topicName=内固定)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4faa13929419, createdName=41514491@qq.com, createdTime=Sat Jul 07 06:37:00 CST 2018, time=2018-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=329777, encodeId=eebe329e7733, content=学习一下, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6KcicAVC1MwuOgo3iaicb1Imgk1yIfnvr6oXzibcAFB6puAyNJXbzWhNuLqaFYBVRWjh7rghkvFLPxMAfD5ib3nXwVD/0, createdBy=bed21972958, createdName=wxl882001, createdTime=Fri Jul 06 17:59:31 CST 2018, time=2018-07-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=329565, encodeId=6f7532956523, content=学习了受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDicHg2ldsSNmib46PmdzpO7CQEmPjuULp1v45zPWwMYhrnXgvl3OtmUCZSQfgITWn96X9moL94nUGA/0, createdBy=28072041016, createdName=131****1460, createdTime=Thu Jul 05 19:21:41 CST 2018, time=2018-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-07-05 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

    0