阿尔兹海默病疫苗距离成功又进了一大步!

2016-07-19 broccoli MedSci原创

根据阿兹海默病协会的数据,美国大约有540万阿尔兹海默病患者,除非有新的有效的治疗方法,否则到2050年至少会增加3倍。 近期发表在Scientific Reports杂志上,来自美国和澳大利亚的研究人员成功靶向了阿尔兹海默病进展过程中的大脑病理蛋白,使得阿兹海默病疫苗可能在接下来的3-5年内进行人体试验。 研究的联合作者,澳大利亚弗林德斯大学医学院Nikolai Petrovsky教

根据阿兹海默病协会的数据,美国大约有540万阿尔兹海默病患者,除非有新的有效的治疗方法,否则到2050年至少会增加3倍。

近期发表在Scientific Reports杂志上,来自美国和澳大利亚的研究人员成功靶向了阿尔兹海默病进展过程中的大脑病理蛋白,使得阿兹海默病疫苗可能在接下来的3-5年内进行人体试验。

研究的联合作者,澳大利亚弗林德斯大学医学院Nikolai Petrovsky教授和同事指出了疫苗是如何产生抗体靶向对抗大脑中阿尔兹海默病的生物标志物——β-淀粉样蛋白和tau蛋白。

β-淀粉样蛋白在脑中的异常沉积是阿尔兹海默病的发病机制之一,β-淀粉样蛋白聚集会形成黏性斑块,tau 蛋白聚集会形成神经纤维缠结。斑块和神经纤维缠结会导致神经细胞信号传导异常,导致神经细胞死亡。

Petrovsky 教授解释道:"这些蛋白就像车道中的车一样,你需要将它们从大脑中移开,否则要是让坏掉的车留在车道上,最终你就出不来了。这就是发生在阿尔兹海默病或老年痴呆患者中的情况,他们的大脑中有大量损坏的蛋白。"

疫苗结合物促进了阿尔兹海默抗体的反应性


多年来,研究人员一直在研究预防和治疗阿尔兹海默病的方法,但成效有限。

在2002-2012年之间,世界范围内进行了413项研究,评估了244种化合物对抗阿尔兹海默症的安全性和有效性。只有一种新药脱颖而出,显示出了0.4%的成功概率,而且这种药物只显示出了阿尔兹海默病症状的短期缓解。

考虑到至今为止,临床试验的惨淡结局,美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)将阿尔兹海默病的研究赞助资金提高到了3.5亿美元,至今,总投入资金达到了13亿美元!

Petrovsky教授指出,这些资金帮助他们研发出了一种“特殊”的疫苗,由MultiTEP疫苗平台和 Advax组成。团队解释了MultiTEP方法产生了对抗β-淀粉样蛋白和tau 蛋白的高反应性抗体应答,Advax 是一种辅助技术可进一步促进抗体反应。

研究人员发现在阿尔兹海默症老鼠模型中,疫苗有效且耐受良好,无不良反应报告。疫苗也能够靶向治疗阿尔兹海默病患者脑组织中的病理蛋白。

研究的联合作者,加利福尼亚分子医学机构Anahit Ghochikyan教授指出:“这项研究表明,利用我们的疫苗,可使AD患者甚至是AD高风险的健康人群早期产生免疫反应,而且,如果疾病出现进展,可使用另一个抗tau蛋白疫苗来提高效力。”

研究人员指出,他们将在FDA临床新药项目中同四家公司一起进行疫苗的非临床安全性/毒性研究。若疫苗在临床前期试验中保持成功,他们将在接下来的3-5年,对早期阿尔兹海默病患者或阿尔兹海默病高风险人群进行临床研究。

附:


就在今年6月份,发表在Sci Transl Med(IF:16.26)上一篇研究也提出了疫苗预防阿尔兹海默病的方法 ,不过这篇文章提出的观点是β-淀粉样蛋白形成的斑块能够作为阻拦入侵病原体的防御系统,能够作为一种抗菌化合物,并构成人类免疫系统的一部分。感染会激发斑块的形成。这些黏性的斑块可能阻拦或杀死细菌、病毒以及其他病原体,但是如果它们不能够被很快清除,就可能导致发炎并缠结其他的蛋白,导致神经元死亡,并加速阿尔茨海默氏症的进展。(文章详情:Sci Transl Med:疫苗或能阻止阿尔茨海默氏症

“所以,淀粉样蛋白的黏性既有优点,又有缺点。”纽元西乃山医院的Samuel Gandy说。

麻省总医院Robert Moir说,"如果感染性媒介能够阻止斑块的形成,那么疫苗就能够对病团体产生作用。"也就是说,如果人们可以通过疫苗接种预防那些病原体,就能够阻止随后的斑块形成。"

原始出处:

Hayk Davtyan,et al. Alzheimer's disease AdvaxCpG- adjuvanted MultiTEP-based dual and single vaccines induce high-titer antibodies against various forms of tau and Aβ pathological molecules. Scientific Reports.2016 .

Alzheimer's vaccine steps closer with new study,medscape,18 July 2016

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    2016-10-11 ylzr123

    好文,值得推荐。

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=145464, encodeId=72fb1454645d, content=好文,值得推荐。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo7s7ZCKOmmbBTD6nE7gcd5OZpvyGEzkxBP3S275k5ZJVrsPkotZhBglRHM9rKvcj1OgkssqhcnoPw8zIaMZTF8c/0, createdBy=4c441942088, createdName=ylzr123, createdTime=Tue Oct 11 20:23:24 CST 2016, time=2016-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=98378, encodeId=af63983e89c, content=好好学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=45101626056, createdName=忠诚向上, createdTime=Sun Aug 14 12:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=97155, encodeId=41d59e1551d, content=期待!又一项造福人类的研究, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/DYAIOgq83er7gGJY7ibia1wDTTwTL7vXbqvekMBTHAsd3KZ7btXM9tnHuicI2LdxJtIiccXeDCiaTvzkwMuribZ9oHVA/0, createdBy=c7b81713099, createdName=木水晶, createdTime=Tue Aug 09 22:17:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1402686, encodeId=53fd140268653, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=60ca9e761ce' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿尔兹海默#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=97761, encryptionId=60ca9e761ce, topicName=阿尔兹海默)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=be952422716, createdName=habb, createdTime=Thu Jul 21 14:52:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=93770, encodeId=949b93e70b1, content=疫苗对痴呆的治疗要出世啦,好期待。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfdY7yem1P7bRvOP6z0jKsBoYR8ezfAricY7meQWcte7LRJsWHVn0CnPJg2JuQmevR0DoFmmEib5QLD2kNESBESQT/0, createdBy=59191706502, createdName=医路开来, createdTime=Wed Jul 20 10:16:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-08-14 忠诚向上

    好好学习

    0

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    2016-08-09 木水晶

    期待!又一项造福人类的研究

    0

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    2016-07-20 医路开来

    疫苗对痴呆的治疗要出世啦,好期待。

    0