高脂血症的常用药物,一网打尽!

2021-08-30 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

血脂和脂蛋白代谢乱与动脉粥样硬化密切相关,血脂异常的治疗目的在于降低缺血性心血管疾病(冠心病和缺血性脑卒中)的患病率和死亡率。

血脂和脂蛋白代谢乱与动脉粥样硬化密切相关,血脂异常的治疗目的在于降低缺血性心血管疾病(冠心病和缺血性脑卒中)的患病率和死亡率。许多研究证实,降低血浆胆固醇能减少冠心病的发病率及死亡率,血浆胆固醇降低1%,冠心病事件发生的危险性可降低2%。目前认为胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三酯(TG)和极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)增高是冠心病的危险因素,其中LDL-C最为重要,而HDL-C则被认为是冠心病的保护因素。对于继发性血脂异常应以治疗原发病为主,如糖尿病、甲状腺功能减退症经过控制后,血脂有可能恢复正常。但是原发性和继发性血脂异常可能同时存在,如果原发病经过治疗正常一段时间后,血脂异常仍然存在,考虑同时伴有原发性血脂异常,需给予相应治疗。

目前以综合治疗为主,其中生活方式干预是首要的基本治疗措施,药物治疗易接受且效果肯定,注意严格掌握指征,血浆净化疗法外科治疗是药物治疗的补充,基因治疗尚在探索之中。本文带领大家一起了解一下临床常用的降脂药物。

一、HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂(他汀类)

1.主要适应症:LDL-C升高,心血管风险升高

2.机制:降低胆固醇合成,增加肝LDL-C受体,减少VLDL生成

3.常见副作用:肌痛、关节痛、转氨酶升高、消化不良

4.代表药物

代表药物

起始剂量

最大剂量

洛伐他汀

20-40mg,qd

80mg,qd

普伐他汀

40-80mg,qd

80mg,qd

辛伐他汀

20-40mg,qd

80mg,qd

氟伐他汀

20-40mg,qd

80mg,qd

阿托伐他汀

20-40mg,qd

80mg,qd

瑞舒伐他汀

5-20mg,qd

40mg,qd

匹伐他汀

1-2mg,qd

4mg,qd

注:qd,每日一次

 

二、胆固醇吸收抑制剂

1.主要适应症:LDL-C升高

2.机制:降低胆固醇合成,增加肝LDL-C受体

3.常见副作用:转氨酶升高

4.代表药物:依折麦布,起始剂量:10mg,qd,最大剂量:10mg,qd。

 

三、胆汁酸螯合剂

1.主要适应症:LDL-C升高

2.机制:增强胆汁酸排泄,增加肝LDL-C受体

3.常见副作用:腹胀、便秘、甘油三酯升高

4.代表药物

代表药物

起始剂量

最大剂量

考来烯胺

4g,qd

32g,qd

考来替泊

5g,qd

40g,qd

考来维仑

3750mg,qd

4375mg,qd

注:qd,每日一次

 

四、MPT抑制剂

1.主要适应症:纯合型家族性高胆固醇血症(HoFH)

2.机制:减少VLDL合成

3.常见副作用:皮肤潮红、腹泻、增加肝脏脂肪

4.代表药物:洛美他派甲磺酸盐,起始剂量:5mg,qd,最大剂量:60mg,qd。

 

五、ApoB抑制剂

1.主要适应症:纯合型家族性高胆固醇血症(HoFH)

2.机制:减少VLDL合成

3.常见副作用:注射部位反映、流感样症状、增加肝脏脂肪

4.代表药物:米泊美生,起始剂量:200mg,皮下注射(SC),qw,最大剂量:200mg,SC,qw。

 

六、烟酸

1.主要适应症:LDL-C升高,TG升高

2.机制:减少VLDL合成

3.常见副作用:皮肤潮红、胃肠道不适、血糖升高、血尿酸升高、肝功能受损

4.代表药物

代表药物

起始剂量

最大剂量

快速释放型

100mg,tid

1g,tid

持续释放型

250mg,bid

1.5g,bid

延长释放型

500mg,qn

2g,qn

注:tid,每日三次,bid,每日两次,qn,睡前

 

七、纤维酸衍生物

1.主要适应症:TG升高

2.机制:减少VLDL合成,增加脂蛋白脂肪酶水平

3.常见副作用消化不良、肌痛、胆结石、转氨酶升高

4.代表药物

代表药物

起始剂量

最大剂量

吉非贝齐

600mg,bid

600mg,bid

非诺贝特

145mg,qd

145mg,qd

注:qd,每日一次,bid,每日两次

 

八、ω-3脂肪酸

1.主要适应症:TG升高

2.机制:增加TG分解代谢

3.常见副作用:消化不良、鱼腥味呼吸气味

4.代表药物

代表药物

起始剂量

最大剂量

ω-3酸乙酯

4g,qd

4g,qd

二十碳五烯酸乙酯

4g,qd

4g,qd

注:qd,每日一次

 

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    2022-10-07 ms1000000251410274

    0

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    2021-09-05 DIfh

    这个很好,很全面,

    0

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    2021-09-01 pcw111
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2092267, encodeId=0fb0209226e21, content=全, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5f1f5633705, createdName=ms1000000251410274, createdTime=Fri Oct 07 12:47:47 CST 2022, time=2022-10-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1214473, encodeId=dc7d12144e35f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fc78102625d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#高脂血症#</a><a href='/topic/show?id=99e6e4983cc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#科普#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=90, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=102625, encryptionId=fc78102625d7, topicName=高脂血症), TopicDto(id=74983, encryptionId=99e6e4983cc, topicName=科普)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211210/ede9c51184aa4f54ae6c1164cfb8eeac/967dbf3eff2943c7bf3ccfec3a776ab0.JPG, createdBy=a33789389, createdName=病毒猎手, createdTime=Tue Apr 26 13:25:12 CST 2022, time=2022-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2085399, encodeId=c50e208539963, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=70f14863158' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#常用药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=48631, encryptionId=70f14863158, topicName=常用药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Fri Nov 12 16:04:17 CST 2021, time=2021-11-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1014725, encodeId=e51a1014e2527, content=这个很好,很全面,, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201107/0e992c9cbb7e4bfc82d642ba0e9fe718/6fa4c63468cc49febcc91dba2fb4201a.jpg, createdBy=fa625399541, createdName=DIfh, createdTime=Sun Sep 05 09:52:56 CST 2021, time=2021-09-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1574674, encodeId=63d515e467456, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9b56102616bb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#高脂#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=102616, encryptionId=9b56102616bb, topicName=高脂)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c3b716021149, createdName=pcw111, createdTime=Wed Sep 01 00:04:17 CST 2021, time=2021-09-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1619229, encodeId=b78d1619229a8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=049148630cb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#常用药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=48630, encryptionId=049148630cb, topicName=常用药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=docwu2019, createdTime=Wed Sep 01 00:04:17 CST 2021, time=2021-09-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]

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