揭秘上海科技**奖:女科学家用砒霜“以毒攻毒”治愈白血病

2015-05-18 佚名 东方网

2014年度上海市科学技术奖共授奖287项(人)。授予26项成果自然科学奖。其中,由上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院陈赛娟团队完成的“髓系白血病发病机制和新型靶向治疗研究”项目荣获自然科学奖特等奖,这是2012年上海科技奖励设立特等奖以来的第二个特等奖,也是自然科学奖领域出现的第一个特等奖。 一袭白大褂,身形娇小的陈赛娟院士气质温婉、平和。并没有想象中学科领头人的“强悍”气场。甚至,接受媒体记

2014年度上海市科学技术奖共授奖287项(人)。授予26项成果自然科学奖。其中,由上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院陈赛娟团队完成的“髓系白血病发病机制和新型靶向治疗研究”项目荣获自然科学奖特等奖,这是2012年上海科技奖励设立特等奖以来的第二个特等奖,也是自然科学奖领域出现的第一个特等奖。

一袭白大褂,身形娇小的陈赛娟院士气质温婉、平和。并没有想象中学科领头人的“强悍”气场。甚至,接受媒体记者采访时显得有丝丝紧张。然而,话题一旦围绕着她长期从事的白血病研究领域说开去,就怎么也停不下来。

走着进来横着出去急性髓细胞白血病多凶险

白血病俗称“血癌”,是严重威胁人类健康的造血系统恶性疾病。白血病大致可分为急性和慢性,急性白血病又可以分成急性淋巴细胞白血病和急性髓细胞白血病。陈赛娟告诉记者,儿童的白血病以急性淋巴细胞白血病为主,成人则以髓细胞白血病为主要类型。她的团队研究的对象主要集中在髓系白血病领域,尤其针对其中的急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)的研究取得了重大突破。

APL曾被认为是最为凶险的一类白血病,病人病发时常常能够自己走进医院,却会在极短的时间内被家人目送着“离开”。传统化疗对APL的治疗效果在杀死白血病细胞的同时,也会对正常细胞造成极大的杀伤力,病人往往在接受化疗后会产生严重出血,而导致早期死亡。APL的5年存活率曾经一度只有10%—15%。

上世纪80年代起,陈赛娟所在的瑞金医院上海血液研究所在临床上率先尝试使用全反式维甲酸(ATRA)治疗APL取得成功,80%以上患者可以完全缓解,但复发率仍然较高。到了90年代初,陈赛娟和她的团队在国际上首先从基因层面破解了APL的致病机理,这样的发现,为寻求靶向治疗方法奠定了基础。他们与哈尔滨医科大学合作,发现三氧化二砷(砷剂)能够在临床上成功治疗ATRA耐药复发的患者,完全缓解率可达90%以上,并发现了砷剂诱导白血病细胞分化和凋亡的双重药理学机制。

此后,团队重点开展将ATRA和砷剂结合运用,通过不断总结与改进,创建了两药协同靶向治疗APL的“上海方案”,取得了令全世界都为之瞩目的成果。陈赛娟以最易理解的“通俗”语言解释:ATRA是维生素A的衍生物,且没有化疗的副作用。“三氧化二砷”(砷剂)即我们俗称的“砒霜”,两者协同作用的原理即中医俗称的“以毒攻毒”。

研究团队从临床问题出发进行基础研究,并将成果落实于临床治疗,实现了基础研究与临床研究的双向转化。由于ATRA与砷剂选择性作用于APL癌蛋白的不同部位,协同诱导了白血病细胞内在的分化与凋亡程序,达到了清除白血病细胞的效果,明显减少了复发率,同时也显著减少了正常细胞的受损几率,免除了化疗“一损俱损”的副作用。

APL成为第一个可基本治愈的急性髓系白血病,目前已经有非常好的治疗效果。患者可以不用造血干细胞移植,5年的无病生存期能达到90%。而且治愈后,生活质量比造血干细胞移植好得多,“患者无需服用免疫抑制剂,能够像健康人一样生活和工作。”

如今,“上海方案”已广泛运用于世界各地,挽救了成千上万白血病患者的生命,这也为其他类型的白血病乃至肿瘤的治疗提供了良好的思路和典范。

叩开新世界的大门每一个明天都是另一座险峰

科研的道路永无止境,对陈赛娟和她的团队而言,“上海方案”仿佛就是一扇通往新世界的大门,APL协同靶向治疗的成功是否也可以拓展到其他类型的白血病领域?是此后他们一直在思考的问题。

面对强手如林的国际竞争,近年来,团队从临床导向问题出发,运用分子生物学的方法,经过不懈努力,不断探索,在其他类型髓系白血病发病原理和靶向治疗研究方面亦取得了一系列重要研究成果:其中包括,通过对中国人急性髓细胞白血病(AML)大样本的筛查和验证,揭示了一组可用于白血病诊断、分型、预后的分子标志,为发展针对APL以外类型AML的靶向治疗提供了潜在的靶标。并运用现代医药研究技术阐释了中药复方黄黛片不同成分配伍所产生的协同作用;发现中药提取物冬凌草甲素能够靶向治疗急性髓细胞白血病M2b型,并揭示了作用的分子机制。这些研究成果被国际同行广泛引证。课题组在包括《NatureGenetics》和《Science》在内的学术期刊中发表了57篇SCI论文,获授权专利13项,并入选2010及2012年中国科学十大进展。

虽然他们做了许多,但多年来,这个潜心钻研的团队却是首次申请科学技术奖项。“因为申请参评奖项要花去许多时间、人力,而我们的时间绝大多数都投入在了研究和临床上”。作为研究团队的领头人,身为中国工程院院士的陈赛娟依然坚持和年轻人们一起站在工作第一线,她不仅要提出研究思路、方向,还要指导团队临床研究。对于自己能获得首个上海自然科学奖特等奖,陈赛娟表示,成绩只代表了过去,她看到的是还有更多的白血病类型和实体肿瘤目前仍无有效的治疗手段,诸多慢性复杂性疾病正日益成为我国社会的主要疾病负担。

陈赛娟和她的团队曾多次提出加强转化医学研究的建议,并得到了国家和上海市政府的大力支持。去年10月,首个转化医学重大科技基础设施落户上海,并进入实质性建设阶段。为完成这一重大任务,未来,转化医学将以创新的机制体制整合在沪高校和国家科研院所的优势资源和科研队伍,推动转化医学的发展以及促进医药生物技术产业水平的提升做出显著贡献。

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    2015-05-20 hittouch
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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1936841, encodeId=2b91193684135, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a8ac25521d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#以毒攻毒#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25521, encryptionId=a8ac25521d8, topicName=以毒攻毒)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=32a12500167, createdName=12498ca5m83暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu May 21 19:15:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1391383, encodeId=70a3139138300, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b7de33193d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#砒霜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73319, encryptionId=3b7de33193d, topicName=砒霜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=dc4b2500077, createdName=hittouch, createdTime=Wed May 20 07:15:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1573846, encodeId=5dfb15e384697, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=af0a44e03a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#女科学家#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44703, encryptionId=af0a44e03a4, topicName=女科学家)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=38cb15960013, createdName=zhty5342, createdTime=Wed May 20 07:15:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=24087, encodeId=84582408e7d, content=佩服, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJUNfdk68bHutYruGyxbKDzPWH3agcmId19Yf94FiapyicN0LTg0jykhqIhjPQVdR08FGR399rBpZIg/132, createdBy=feae1624323, createdName=Dr.LV, createdTime=Mon May 18 21:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=24069, encodeId=b2db24069e0, content=了不起!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=yydlt, createdTime=Mon May 18 17:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=24070, encodeId=da79240e0df, content=厉害啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=yydlt, createdTime=Mon May 18 17:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=24071, encodeId=5b8e240e19b, content=学习中!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=122, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=yydlt, createdTime=Mon May 18 17:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-05-18 Dr.LV

    佩服

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1936841, encodeId=2b91193684135, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a8ac25521d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#以毒攻毒#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25521, encryptionId=a8ac25521d8, topicName=以毒攻毒)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=32a12500167, createdName=12498ca5m83暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu May 21 19:15:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1391383, encodeId=70a3139138300, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b7de33193d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#砒霜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73319, encryptionId=3b7de33193d, topicName=砒霜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=dc4b2500077, createdName=hittouch, createdTime=Wed May 20 07:15:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1573846, encodeId=5dfb15e384697, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=af0a44e03a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#女科学家#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44703, encryptionId=af0a44e03a4, topicName=女科学家)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=38cb15960013, createdName=zhty5342, createdTime=Wed May 20 07:15:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=24087, encodeId=84582408e7d, content=佩服, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJUNfdk68bHutYruGyxbKDzPWH3agcmId19Yf94FiapyicN0LTg0jykhqIhjPQVdR08FGR399rBpZIg/132, createdBy=feae1624323, createdName=Dr.LV, createdTime=Mon May 18 21:29:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=24069, encodeId=b2db24069e0, content=了不起!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=99, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=yydlt, createdTime=Mon May 18 17:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=24070, encodeId=da79240e0df, content=厉害啊, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=yydlt, createdTime=Mon May 18 17:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=24071, encodeId=5b8e240e19b, content=学习中!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=122, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=yydlt, createdTime=Mon May 18 17:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-05-18 yydlt

    了不起!

    0

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    2015-05-18 yydlt

    厉害啊

    0

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    2015-05-18 yydlt

    学习中!

    0

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